The Halosphaeriaceae is a monophyletic group that shares a common ancestor with Microascaceae and, along with the families Graphiaceae, Ceratocystidiaceae, Chadefaudiellaceae and Gondwanamycetacea, is referred to the order Microascales. It constitutes the largest family in Microascales with 63 genera (166 species) and differs from other families in that most species are aquatic (predominantly marine) and characterised by perithecial ascomata, centrum tissue comprising catenophyses, clavate to fusiform asci that generally deliquesce early, hyaline, unicellular to many times septate ascospores usually with appendages. Although approximately 75% of halosphaeriaceous species have been sequenced, their phylogenetic grouping based on morphological features is not supported. This indicates that certain characters have evolved and been lost several times. New sequences have been generated in this study; a phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S and 28S rDNA was run to determine phylogenetic relationships between genera, and pairwise distance of the partial 28S rDNA was calculated.

This work examined in detail the electrical characteristics and microstructures of in- and antiphase bonded interfaces for both n- and p-type GaAs wafers treated at 500 and 600 degrees C, respectively. The n-GaAs wafers did not bond directly to itself but instead via an amorphous oxide layer at 500 degrees C. These temperatures are lower than most other works. The nonlinear behavior of the current versus the voltage is related to the potential barrier formed at the continuous oxide interface. Both experimental observation and first-principles calculations confirm the existence of this barrier. The higher interface energy for the antiphase bonding tends to stabilize the interfacial oxide layer. The evolution of interfacial layers occurred much faster for the p-type wafers than for n-type wafers. Electrical performance was found to be closely related to the variation of nanosized interface morphology. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics

The fano-resonance biosensor is formed through the phase variation of microcavity- resonator-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometers. After windowed Fourier transform, the biological phase sensitivity could be effectively enhanced and theoretically demonstrate the limit of detection as 10-7 refractive-index-units.