The International Society of Urological Pathology 2012 Consensus Conference made recommendations regarding classification, prognostic factors, staging, and immunohistochemical and molecular assessment of adult renal tumors. Issues relating to prognostic factors were coordinated by a workgroup who identified tumor morphotype, sarcomatoid/rhabdoid differentiation, tumor necrosis, grading, and microvascular invasion as potential prognostic parameters. There was consensus that the main morphotypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were of prognostic significance, that subtyping of papillary RCC (types 1 and 2) provided additional prognostic information, and that clear cell tubulopapillary RCC was associated with a more favorable outcome. For tumors showing sarcomatoid or rhabdoid differentiation, there was consensus that a minimum proportion of tumor was not required for diagnostic purposes. It was also agreed upon that the underlying subtype of carcinoma should be reported. For sarcomatoid carcinoma, it was further agreed upon that if the underlying carcinoma subtype was absent the tumor should be classified as a grade 4 unclassified carcinoma with a sarcomatoid component. Tumor necrosis was considered to have prognostic significance, with assessment based on macroscopic and microscopic examination of the tumor. It was recommended that for clear cell RCC the amount of necrosis should be quantified. There was consensus that nucleolar prominence defined grades 1 to 3 of clear cell and papillary RCCs, whereas extreme nuclear pleomorphism or sarcomatoid and/or rhabdoid differentiation defined grade 4 tumors. It was agreed upon that chromophobe RCC should not be graded. There was consensus that microvascular invasion should not be included as a staging criterion for RCC.

Metal-organic layers (MOLs) represent an emerging class of tunable and functionalizable two-dimensional materials. In this work, the scalable solvothermal synthesis of self-supporting MOLs composed of [Hf6O4(OH)4(HCO2)6] secondary building units (SBUs) and benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoate (BTB) bridging ligands is reported. The MOL structures were directly imaged by TEM and AFM, and doped with 4'-(4-benzoate)-(2,2',2''-terpyridine)-5,5''-dicarboxylate (TPY) before being coordinated with iron centers to afford highly active and reusable single-site solid catalysts for the hydrosilylation of terminal olefins. MOL-based heterogeneous catalysts are free from the diffusional constraints placed on all known porous solid catalysts, including metal-organic frameworks. This work uncovers an entirely new strategy for designing single-site solid catalysts and opens the door to a new class of two-dimensional coordination materials with molecular functionalities.

Aim To describe a group of distinct low‐grade oncocytic renal tumours that demonstrate CD117 negative/cytokeratin (CK) 7‐positive immunoprofile. Methods and results We identified 28 such tumours from four large renal tumour archives. We performed immunohistochemistry for: CK7, CD117, PAX8, CD10, AMACR, e‐cadherin, CK20, CA9, AE1/AE3, vimentin, BerEP4, MOC31, CK5/6, p63, HMB45, melan A, CD15 and FH. In 14 cases we performed array CGH, with a successful result in nine cases. Median patient age was 66 years (range 49–78 years) with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1:1.8. Median tumour size was 3 cm (range 1.1–13.5 cm). All were single tumours, solid and tan‐brown, without a syndromic association. On microscopy, all cases showed solid and compact nested growth. There were frequent areas of oedematous stroma with loosely arranged cells. The tumour cells had oncocytic cytoplasm with uniformly round to oval nuclei, but without significant irregularities, and showed only focal perinuclear halos. Negative CD117 and positive CK7 reactivity were present in all cases (in two cases there was focal and very weak CD117 reactivity). Uniform reactivity was found for PAX8, AE1/AE3, e‐cadherin, BerEP4 and MOC31. Negative stains included CA9, CK20, vimentin, CK5/6, p63, HMB45, Melan A and CD15. CD10 and AMACR were either negative or focally positive; FH was retained. On array CGH, there were frequent deletions at 19p13.3 (seven of nine), 1p36.33 (five of nine) and 19q13.11 (four of nine); disomic status was found in two of nine cases. On follow‐up (mean 31.8 months, range 1–118), all patients were alive with no disease progression. Conclusion Low‐grade oncocytic tumours that are CD117‐negative/CK7‐positive demonstrate consistent and readily recognisable morphology, immunoprofile and indolent behaviour.

S evere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged recently and caused a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is the main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 S1 and mediates viral entry into host cells. 1 In humans, ACE2 is remarkably abundant on the membrane of lung alveolar epithelial cells and enterocytes. 2 Human intestinal epithelium encompasses approximately 200 m 2 of surface area and is conceivably susceptible to SARS-CoV-2; however, the occurrence of intestinal symptoms is lower than that of respiratory symptoms as a whole, 3 indicating that enterocytes are actually not as easily infected by SARS-CoV-2 as expected. We explored the underlying reason. Methods Intermolecular interaction was determined by biolayer interferometry. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed on a ZDOCK server at Peng Cheng Laboratory. SARS-CoV-2 S1 binding and S pseudovirions entry to targeted cells were investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blot, and luciferase assay. The significant differences (P) were calculated by SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). More details are shown in the Supplementary Methods.