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In this paper, we give a computational formula for the Drazin inverse of the sum P + Q, then applying it we give some computational formulas for the Drazin inverse of block matrix M = A B C D (A and D are square) with generalized Schur complement S = D − CA D B is nonsingular under some conditions. These results extend the results about the Drazin inverse of M given by R. Hartwig, X. Li and Y.

A resolution-improved prism coupler-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with a simple, effective rotational modulation method is proposed in this paper. For a conventional SPR sensor, the way to improve its measurement resolution is usually to use the rotating device with higher resolution. Measurement resolution depends on the modulation resolution of the incident angle; therefore, we propose a rotational modulation method that is implemented by rotating the prism horizontally to improve the modulation resolution of the incident angle, instead of using a more expensive rotating device with higher resolution. This scheme is validated both theoretically and experimentally. Furthermore, theoretical simulations show that the rotational modulation method can also be applied to long-range surface plasmon resonance sensors for better results.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) causes severe contamination to passive and active microwave sensing observations and corresponding retrieval products. RFI signals should be detected and filtered before applying the microwave data to retrieval and data assimilation. It is difficult to detect RFI over land surfaces covered by snow because of the scattering effect of snow surface. The double principal component analysis (DPCA) method is adopted in this study, and its ability in identifying RFI signals in AMSR-E data over snow covered regions is investigated. Results show that the DPCA method can detect RFI signals effectively in spite of the impact of snow scattering, and the detected RFI signals persistent over time. Compared to other methods, such as PCA and normalized PCA, DPCA is more robust and suitable for operational application.

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