Fracture occurred in electrodes of the lithium-ion battery compromises the integrity of the electrode structure and would exert bad influence on the cell performance and cell safety. Mechanisms of the electrode-level fracture and how this fracture would affect the electrochemical performance of the battery are of great importance for comprehending and preventing its occurrence. Fracture occurring at the electrode level is complex, since it may involve fractures in or between different components of the electrode. In this review, three typical types of electrode-level fractures are discussed: the fracture of the active layer, the interfacial delamination, and the fracture of metallic foils (including the current collector and the lithium metal electrode). The crack in the active layer can serve as an effective indicator of degradation of the electrochemical performance. Interfacial delamination usually follows the fracture of the active layer and is detrimental to the cell capacity. Fracture of the current collector impacts cell safety directly. Experimental methods and modeling results of these three types of fractures are concluded. Reasonable explanations on how these electrode-level fractures affect the electrochemical performance are sorted out. Challenges and unsettled issues of investigating these fracture problems are brought up. It is noted that the state-of-the-art studies included in this review mainly focus on experimental observations and theoretical modeling of the typical mechanical damages. However, quantitative investigations on the relationship between the electrochemical performance and the electrode-level fracture are insufficient. To further understand fractures in a multi-scale and multi-physical way, advancing development of the cross discipline between mechanics and electrochemistry is badly needed.

To determine the impact of cohesive law shapes on the modeling of interfacial debonding in lithium-ion battery electrodes, analytical methods based on different cohesive models for the debonding process have been developed individually. Three different cohesive laws, namely, triangular, trapezoidal, and rectangular laws, have been employed. To ensure comparability, the cohesive strength and the fracture toughness have been set to be identical for different cohesive laws. The evaluation of debonding onset has suggested that the cohesive law shape affects the modeling results only when the interface is ductile. The largest possible difference for the triangular law and the rectangular law on the debonding onset has been estimated. A discussion for specific electrodes has also been provided.