A novel SBA-15 supported catalyst PdL(n)@SBA-15 containing a 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand framework was prepared via a "click" route, in which the click-triazole acted as both a stable linker and a good chelator. The catalyst was characterized and applied for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols, and the product was obtained in up to 98% yield.
A water-soluble palladium complex (PdL n @β-CD) was designed and prepared based on functionalized β-cyclodextrin. It showed high turnover numbers (TONs) and turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 9.9 × 10 8 and 4.9 × 10 8 h −1 , respectively, in aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. The detailed reason for the excellent catalytic activity was studied. Scheme 1 Synthesis of PdL n @β-CD. Reaction conditions: (a) TsCl, NaOH, H 2 O, 0-5 °C, 4 h, 24.3%; (b) NaN 3 , DMF, 75 °C, 4 h, 93.6%; (c) 2-ethynylpyridine, CuSO 4 /sodium ascorbate, DMSO-H 2 O, r.t., 1 d, 92.1%; (d) Pd(OAc) 2 , toluene, r.t., 12 h. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Detailed synthetic procedure of PdL n @β-CD and characterization date of the products. See
A novel and highly practical copper-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidation system with L-proline as the ligand at room temperature has been developed. A wide range of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols tested have been smoothly transformed into corresponding aldehydes and ketones with high yields and selectivities.
Using in situ generated
H
2
O
2
is potentially
an effective approach for benzyl alcohol selective oxidation. While
the microporous titanium silicate (TS-1) supported with Pd is promising
for selective oxidation, the Pd particles are preferentially anchored
on the external surface, which leads to the problems such as non-uniform
dispersion and low thermal stability. Here, we prepared a Pd@HTS-1
catalyst in which the Pd subnanoparticles were encapsulated in the
channels of the hierarchical TS-1 (HTS-1), for benzyl alcohol selective
oxidation with in situ produced H
2
O
2
. We find
that the oxidation rate of benzyl alcohol by in situ H
2
O
2
over the Pd@HTS-1 is up to 4268.8 mmol h
–1
kg
cat
–1
, and the selectivity of benzaldehyde
approaches 100%. In contrast to the conventional Pd/HTS-1, the present
Pd@HTS-1 benefits the benzyl alcohol selective oxidation due to the
increased dispersion of Pd particles (forming uniformly dispersed
subnano-sized particles), as well as the confinement effect and hierarchical
porosity of the HTS-1 host. We further suggested that hydrogen peroxide
produced in situ from the molecular hydrogen and oxygen over the Pd
sites can be spilled over to the framework Ti
4+
sites,
forming the Ti-OOH active species, which selectively oxidizes the
chemisorbed benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde on the Pd sites.
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