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A novel tuning fork-shaped tri-band planar antenna (NTTPA) for the LTE 2.3/3.8-GHz band, WLAN 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz band, and WiMax 2.5/3.5/5.5-GHz band is presented in this letter. By introducing an asymmetrical turning fork-shaped patch and an inverted L-shaped patch, three notched bands can be generated to form a triple-band operation. The antenna is fabricated on an FR4 board and excited by an SMA connector using a microstrip line. The antenna structure is simple and has a compact size of 45 mm × 40 mm. The measured operating frequency covers 2.2–2.63, 2.73–3.8, and 5.13–6.3 GHz, and the percentage bandwidth is close to 53.3% (S11 < −9.8 dB from 2.2 to 3.8 GHz) and 20.5% (S11 < −10 dB from 5.13 to 6.3 GHz). The calculated and experimental results suggest that the proposed antenna is one of the best candidates for wireless communication systems in terms of multi operating bands, broad percentage bandwidth (BW), compactness, stable radiation pattern, easy processing, and low cost.

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Based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA), a novel method for reshaping the TM 00 mode of the rectangular patch antenna (RPA) is presented. Initially, the RPA loaded by periodic shorting vias, as the basic structure for generating the TM 00 mode, is investigated by CMA. The nonbroadside pattern of TM 00 mode is revealed to be caused by the vertical currents on the shorting vias. And it can be transformed into a broadside direction by replacing the vertical vias with a new shorting structure possessing strong horizontal currents. Moreover, to further verify the feasibility of the proposed method, a compact CPW-fed aperture-coupled RPA for the WLAN application is designed. By simultaneously exciting a reshaped TM 00 mode, a fundamental TM 10 mode, and a slot mode, the proposed RPA can achieve dual-band performance with broadside radiation features. Finally, the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The results illustrate that the fabricated antenna can achieve good impedance matching and broadside radiation characteristics in 2.4-2.46 GHz and 5.1-5.6 GHz bands. K E Y W O R D Scharacteristic mode analysis, radiation pattern reshaping, rectangular patch antenna, TM 00 mode