Increased general interest among counselors in the way language, narratives, and stories influence clients' personal and social realities has drawn particular attention to metaphorical language and its facilitative role in counseling. In this article, the authors suggest that metaphors and metaphorical knowing may play a significant role in facilitating at least 5 developmental change processes in counseling: relationship building, accessing and symbolizing client emotions, uncovering and challenging clients' tacit assumptions, working with client resistance, and introducing new frames of reference.

Research findings reported in the literature with less than 80% interrater agreement for the Rorschach Mutuality of Autonomy (MOA) scale may be problematic due to possible error. In preparation for a new Rorschach study using the MOA scale, we found it necessary to revise and clarify MOA scale scoring guidelines because they were confusing and ambiguous. A group of 19 naive graduate students improved their interrater agreement scores from 67% using guidelines from the literature, to 75% on the first revision, and these 19 raters plus 13 new raters produced an 80% agreement on a second revision. This revision, with only minor changes based on raters' feedback, is included in an appendix.

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