Background -Pseudomonas spp. are commonly isolated from dogs with clinical otitis and have been shown to produce biofilm. There is a paucity of studies demonstrating biofilm growth in veterinary medicine.Hypothesis/objectives -To compare biofilm production of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from dogs with otitis using three different enrichment broths at two different time points. Speciation was performed.Animals -One hundred isolates from 98 dogs with clinical otitis were assessed for biofilm production.Methods and materials -One hundred isolates were assessed for biofilm production using a microtitre plate assay. Biofilm production in Luria-Bertani Broth (LBB), Mueller-Hinton Broth (MHB) and Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) were assessed after 18 and 24 h of incubation.Results -At 18 h, biofilm production was demonstrated in 87% of LBB, 91% of TSB and 93% of MHB grown isolates. By 24 h, this was 92% of LBB, 96% of TSB and 99% of MHB isolates. Biofilm production was significantly increased after 24 h incubation compared to 18 h. A significant difference was noted in biofilm production between LBB and MHB (P = 0.0349), but not between LBB and TSB (P = 0.3727) or MHB and TSB (P = 0.3687) at 24 h incubation. Two isolates were speciated as P. fluorescens and 98 as P. aeruginosa.Conclusion and clinical importance -Not all enrichment broths were equivalent to one another and 24 h incubation was superior to 18 h. Biofilm production was high in this population of Pseudomonas spp. isolates.

SummaryDepression is missed more often in adolescents than in adults, partly because they present with symptoms different from those in adults and because many do not seek help. Early detection or the delay of onset can have a significant effect on a young person's development and social functioning. We briefly discuss diagnosis and screening instruments before presenting the wide range of educational and psychological preventive approaches developed for adolescent depression. Many of the latter are based on the cognitive-behavioural or interpersonal therapy models. We consider how clinicians might use the current evidence base to identify and prevent depression in adolescents, and outline the principles of management of the disorder.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Identify signs and symptoms of adolescent depression and recognise the difficulties in making a diagnosis.•Recognise the risk factors for adolescent depression.•Appreciate the aims and theoretical concepts of prevention strategies for adolescent depression.

This chapter reviews three pressing ergonomic concerns in schools—furniture, information and communications technology (ICT), and school bags—to illustrate the role of ergonomics in promoting the long-term health of the next generation and in making school environments safer. General physical fitness, posture, back pain, and back care are related to furniture, information and communication technology, and school bags. Ergonomic practices are often cost effective; many can be implemented through education, procedural changes, or adjustments to existing equipment or furniture.

This report summarizes key research, development, and technology advancements in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2010. These efforts exemplify Engineering's nearly 60-year history of developing and applying the technology innovations needed for the Laboratory's national security missions, and embody Engineering's mission to "Enable program success today and ensure the Laboratory's vitality tomorrow."Leading off the report is a section featuring compelling engineering innovations. These innovations range from advanced hydrogen storage that enables clean vehicles, to new nuclear material detection technologies, to a landmine detection system using ultrawideband ground-penetrating radar. Many have been recognized with R&D Magazine's prestigious R&D 100 Award; all are examples of the forward-looking application of innovative engineering to pressing national problems and challenging customer requirements.Engineering's capability development strategy includes both fundamental research and technology development. Engineering research creates the competencies of the future where discovery-class groundwork is required. Our technology development (or reduction to practice) efforts enable many of the research breakthroughs across the Laboratory to translate from the world of basic research to the national security missions of the Laboratory. This portfolio approach produces new and advanced technological capabilities, and is a unique component of the value proposition of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. The balance of the report highlights this work in research and technology, organized into thematic technical areas: Computational Engineering; Micro/Nano-Devices and Structures; Measurement Technologies; Engineering Systems for Knowledge Discovery; and Energy Manipulation. Our investments in these areas serve not only known programmatic requirements of today and tomorrow, but also anticipate the breakthrough engineering innovations that will be needed in the future. Computational EngineeringComputational Engineering efforts focus on the research, development, and deployment of computational engineering technologies that provide the foundational capabilities to address most facets of Engineering's mission, ranging from fundamental advances to enable accurate modeling of full-scale DOE and DoD systems performing at their limits, to advances for treating photonic and micro-fluidic systems.FY2010 research projects encompassed in situ observations of twinning and phase transformations at the crystal scale; work on developing a new Lagrange embedded mesh technique for multiphysics simulations; and adding improvements to our existing latticeBoltzmann polymer code to enable fully turbulent, multiscale simulations of drag reduction. Technology projects included maintaining and adding new capabilities to vital engineering simulation tools such as DYNA3D and NIKE3D. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratoryiii Introduction Micro/Nano-Devices & Structures Micro/Nano-Scale Manufacturing encompasses ...

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