Little is known about the antigen specificity of CD1d-restricted T cells, except that they frequently recognize CD1d-expressing antigen-presenting cells in the absence of exogenous antigen. We previously demonstrated that the 24.8.A iNKT cell hybridoma was broadly reactive with CD1d-transfected cell lines and recognized the polar lipid fraction of a tumor cell extract. In the present study, the antigen recognized by the 24.8.A iNKT cell hybridoma was purified to homogeneity and identified as palmitoyl-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (16:0 -18:1 PE). The 24.8.A iNKT cell hybridoma recognized synthetic 16:0-18:1[cis] PE, confirming that this phospholipid is antigenic. Recognition correlated with the degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains. Using a panel of synthetic PEs, the 24.8.A iNKT cell hybridoma was shown to be activated by PEs that contained at least one unsaturated acyl chain. The configuration of the double bonds was important, as the 24.8.A iNKT cell hybridoma recognized unsaturated acyl chains in the cis, but not the trans, configuration. PEs with multiple double bonds were recognized better than those with a single double bond, and increasing acyl chain unsaturation correlated with increased binding of PE to CD1d. These data illustrate the potential importance of the acyl chain structure for phospholipid antigen binding to CD1d.

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asymptomatic individuals (all signposted via "Grindr"). Current work includes using "Grindr" to signpost users to our service, implementing online booking and expanding the use of POCT at community SHS. Clinics should consider using social media and geolocation-based apps in addition to traditional health promotion. Background Digital technology offers potential for sexual health promotion. Aims We conducted systematic review examining effectiveness of sexual health promotion interactive digital interventions (IDI) compared to 1) minimal interventions (e.g. leaflet); 2) face-toface interventions; 3) different IDI designs. Methods IDI require users' contributions to produce personally relevant feedback. We searched 40 electronic databases for randomised controlled trials (RCT) of IDI for sexual health promotion from start dates to 30/04/2013. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for comparisons 1, 2, and 3, by outcome types (knowledge, self-efficacy, intention, sexual behaviour, biological outcomes) using random effects models. Subgroup analyses tested: age, risk grouping, setting (online, healthcare, educational). Results We identified 36 RCTs (11,818 participants) from developed countries. Comparison 1: IDI improved knowledge ((standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.48, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.76)); self-efficacy (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.19), intention (SMD 0.13, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.22), sexual behaviour ((Odds Ratio (OR) 1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.41)), but not biological outcomes (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.16). IDI delivered in educational settings improved sexual behaviour (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.04), but not in healthcare settings (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.45), or online (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.17). Comparison 2: IDI improved knowledge (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.58), intention (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.85), but not self-efficacy (SMD 0.38, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.77). Comparison 3: Tailoring had no effect on outcomes. P53Conclusion IDIs can enhance knowledge, self-efficacy, intention, and sexual behaviour.