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This paper, presents the case of the South African Revenue Service (SARS), whose strategic planning reflects features of the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach. The strategic plan documents of the SARS were examined. Applying manifest and latent content analysis it is highlighted how the mission, vision, and strategy have been translated into objectives that have key performance indicators, targets, and initiatives. Some of its recent performance achievements are proof of the potential that a tool like BSC holds. The SARS strategic plan is a motivating case and a learning input for government organizations dealing with the intricacies of the BSC systematically. Other revenue collecting and government agencies can consider adopting of a similar approach.

Background:The pattern of diseases causing adult nephrotic syndrome varies globally as well as in India. The aim of our study was to analyze the spectrum of patients with biopsy proven nephrotic syndrome in adults over 15 years, in respect with incidence, age distribution and correlate the clinicopathological features, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Methods:We have evaluated and analyzed retrospectively 263 renal biopsies of adult nephrotic syndrome over a consecutive period of 16 years (January 2000 to December 2015) in our tertiary care Hospital.Result: In our study of 235 (89.35%) adequate renal biopsy cases overall male predominance was seen (M: F ratio 1.7:1) with maximum males noted in diabetic nephropathy (M: F ratio 4:1) while SLE was seen exclusively in female (M: F ratio 0:6). Minimal change disease (26.38%), followed by MPGN (16.17%) and FSGS (15.74%) were the common histopathological lesions. In 15-45 years age majority of 78.72% cases were observed with prominently histomorphological pattern as MCD( 25.10%),followed by FSGS ( 13.61%) & MPGN (13.19%). In 45-85 years age , 21.28% cases majority were of membranous glomerulonephritis (5.10%) and diabetic nephropathy (4.25%). Primary glomerular diseases accounted for 78.3% cases commonest was MCD (26.38%) and secondary glomerular diseases in 21.7% of cases, most common being amyloidosis (7.23%) Light microscopy, immunopathology findings correlated with electron microscopy findings in 79 cases (91.86%) out of 86 cases. Sample error was main reason of non correlation of EM & LM diagnosis, especially in FSGS. Conclusion:This data analysis is essential to study the prevalence of biopsy proven renal diseases and its variation and distribution as per age .Which can improve the understanding of utility of renal biopsy for future research of renal parenchymal diseases in adults.

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is an important chronic disorder in children with clinical manifestation of different histopathological subtypes. An aim of the study was to determine incidence of renal biopsy in paediatric nephrotic syndrome, correlations between the clinical and histomorphological patterns in Indian ethnicity children at our tertiary care institute. Methods:A retrospective study of kidney biopsies with, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy with clinical outcome of the children with nephrotic syndrome was done over a period of 15 years. Biopsies were stained with Hematoxylin & eosin, Periodic acid Schiff and silver impregnation stain and also processed for immunofluorescence and electron microscopy as necessary. All renal biopsy findings were correlated with clinical response to steroid therapy, immunosuppressant, and clinical parameters. Result:Frequencies in results were calculated by Chi square test for categorical variables. Mann-Whitney U test was used for non parametric variables. Predominantly cases were seen in the age group 8-12 years. Atypical nephrotic syndrome was the commonest presenting feature followed by steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Minimal change disease was the commonest histomorphological pattern followed by focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. All the cases of membranous glomerulonephritis in study were secondary in nature. Light microscopy findings correlated with electron microscopy, in 80.95% cases. Conclusion:Minimal change disease occurs up to 6 times more commonly in Indian children than in Europian counterpart, but rise in FSGS cases as a cause for nephrotic syndrome is now being encountered. In India the proportion of cases with Membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis is high, attributable to the high prevalence of infectious diseases like tuberculosis, chronic suppurative infections and malnutrition

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