Nickel nanoparticle-decorated phosphorous-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Ni@g-PC3N4) was synthesized and used as an efficient photoactive catalyst for the reduction of various nitrobenzenes under visible light irradiation. Hydrazine monohydrate was used as the source of protons and electrons for the intended reaction. The developed photocatalyst was found to be highly active and afforded excellent product yields under mild experimental conditions. In addition, the photocatalyst could easily be recovered and reused for several runs without any detectable leaching during the reaction.

Iron(ii) bipyridine grafted on graphitic carbon nitride (Fe(bpy)3/npg-C3N4) was found to be an efficient photocatalyst for oxidative coupling of benzyl amines using molecular oxygen as an oxidant and a household white LED as a light emitting source.

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A photoactive bimetallic complex comprising a photosensitizer ruthenium unit and a catalytic Mn­(I) unit connected via a bipyrimidine (bpm) bridging ligand is prepared and used for the first time for developing a light induced copper catalyzed [3 + 2] azide–alkyne “click” (CuAAC) reaction for the formation of 1,2,3-triazoles under visible light irradiation. The developed bimetallic complex exhibited enhanced activity as both the photosensitizer ruthenium unit as well as manganese catalyst unit are attached in a single molecule, providing efficient electron transfer for the photochemical reduction of Cu­(II) to Cu­(I) in situ which subsequently was used for the cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes to give 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in the presence of triethylamine as a sacrificial donor.

A novel in situ synthesized Ru(bpy)3/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite is developed for the photoreduction of CO2 into methanol under visible light irradiation. The prepared composite was characterized by means of SEM, TEM, XRD, DT-TGA, XPS, UV-Vis and FT-IR techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized hybrid catalyst was tested for the photoreduction of CO2 under visible light using triethylamine as a sacrificial donor. The methanol yield for the Ru(bpy)3/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite was found to be 1876 μmol g(-1) cat (ϕMeOH 0.024 mol Einstein(-1)) that was much higher in comparison with the in situ synthesized TiO2, 828 μmol g(-1) cat (ϕMeOH 0.010 mol Einstein(-1)) and the homogeneous Ru(bpy)3Cl2 complex, 385 μmol g(-1) cat (ϕMeOH 0.005 mol Einstein(-1)).