Endovascular revascularization strategies have advanced tremendously over the years and are now often considered first line for treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Drug-eluting stents (DESs) have been developed as one of the tools to overcome the limitations of elastic recoil and neointimal hyperplasia observed with balloon angioplasty and bare metal stents. While these stents have been extremely successful in coronary revascularization, they have not translated as effectively to the peripheral arteries which differ in their unique mechanical environments and differences in vessel and lesion composition. DESs, through their embedded pharmaceutical agent, seek to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration. Paclitaxel, sirolimus, and its derivatives (-limus family) achieve VSMC inhibition through unique mechanisms. Several clinical trials have been performed to evaluate the use of DES in the femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal territory and have demonstrated overall decrease in revascularization rates and improved clinical outcomes.

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physical functionality scores was 27.6 in the vertebroplasty group and 36.1 in the other group which was statistically significant (P = 0.005). The mean amount of cement injected was 4 ml in vertebroplasty group and 5.1 in the other group. The mean change in anterior vertebral height was 0.63 mm in the vertebroplasty group and 2.47 mm in the other group which was significantly higher (P < 0.001). There was cement leak seen in 20% patients in the vertebroplasty group which was minor and mainly involved the paravertebral and intradiscal regions. In the other group, no intradiscal leak was seen. Conclusion: Balloon vesselplasty is superior to vertebroplasty in terms of disability scores, increase in anterior vertebral body height, and volume of cement injected with low complication rate.