Power systems are expanding comprehensively with the increase in load demand from both residential and industrial usage. Renewable energy is penetrating the power system to satisfy the power needs of the load demand. With its potential to generate power and compensate for a large portion of the load demand, wind generators make a major renewable power contribution. Power oscillations inherent in wind generator integration with the grid are a power quality issue to be addressed. Oscillation damping using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices is a relevant solution for the power quality issue. There are multiple reasons for power oscillation. Mainly, power systems encounter fault conditions. The faults can be cleared, and the power system tries to retain stability. Sometimes, the system fails due to a longer settling time. A series-connected FACTS device utilized as a series compensator is referred to as a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). Controlling the flow of electricity over a transmission line using this method is incredibly efficient. The capacity to switch between a capacitive and an inductive reactance characteristic is necessary. The SSSC regulates the flow of power in transmission lines to which it is linked by adjusting both the magnitude of the injected voltage and the phase angle of the injected voltage in series with the transmission line. This allows the SSSC to manage the power flow in the transmission lines. It does it by inserting a voltage that can be controlled into a transmission line in series with the fundamental frequency. This paper develops the optimally tuned SSSC in the wind-integrated grid system to dampen the oscillation. Teacher–learner-based optimization (TLBO) and gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithms are used to tune the PI controller to improve the damping response. The obtained results show that the damping performance of the proposed controller is better than that of the other traditional controllers.

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Wind power generation is becoming increasingly important in order to meet rising energy demand. Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind power generation is recent and used in many countries due to its better power controllability. The controllers, like proportional integral (PI) controllers, are used for the stabilization of the waveforms of the supply system. The change in controllers has produced better oscillation damping in recent days. The effect of varying the wind input to generate power using the wind turbine results in instability in the power system because the control is done on a grid supply. This paper aims to propose an optimum First Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) controller for damping power system instability using a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) system that takes into account the dynamics of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) connected to an infinite grid. The WECS model, which includes variations in wind supply to the wind turbine, has been developed to test the durability of the optimized controller that was developed to damp power system oscillations. The controller was used to take the power system dynamics into account. A new controller is being designed to include a corrective measure for damping the oscillations to adjust the instability caused by wind supply variations. The controller helps to tune the controller settings that lead to the achievement of the power oscillation damping objectives. These results are compared with those of a conventional Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) based wind turbine system.

<p>When wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are integrated with the Grid system then there are power quality issues arises. The fluctuation in the wind power delivery to the grid demands robust control for a better power quality. Therefore, voltage and frequency stability due to integration of wind to the grid is the primary concern to improve the overall grid integration capability for WECS. This paper reviews the power quality issues in the power grid due to introduction of WECS. The WECS integration with the grid introduces dynamic issues that include sub-synchronous resonance (SSR), low voltage ride through (LVRT), frequency support from wind generation, synchronization, and transients. Also, it focusses on the sub synchronous resonance introduced due to introduction of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines to the transmission lines with capacitive seriescompensation. The review of various power quality issues and methods used by the researcher’s mitigations are discussed and detailed further research perspective.</p>