Purpose -This paper aims to give a picture of the entrepreneurship education programs currently provided in Hong Kong secondary schools, to present teachers' evaluations of the effectiveness of the programs offered, and to point out the factors that hinder the development of entrepreneurship education in Hong Kong secondary schools. Design/methodology/approach -A questionnaire about entrepreneurship education was designed and piloted and then faxed to all Hong Kong secondary schools, inviting teachers teaching business related subjects and those in charge of extra-curricular activities to complete it. One hundred and twenty-eight usable questionnaires were received, which gave a valid response rate of 31 percent. Close-ended and multiple-choice questions were adopted to maintain readability of the questionnaire and encourage participation. As the participants of the quantitative research did not have the opportunity to elaborate their responses, in-depth phone interviews were conducted. Findings -Half of all respondents reported the presence of entrepreneurship education in one form or another at their schools. Of the remaining respondents, nearly 80 percent said their schools were not planning to implement entrepreneurship programs. Around 70 percent of the schools running entrepreneurship programs had more than three years' experience in entrepreneurship education, and forty-three percent had even been running these programs for more than 5 years. The survey revealed that schools tended to take a comprehensive approach in delivering entrepreneurship education. Originality/value -This study shows that entrepreneurship programs in Hong Kong are largely similar to those in the West in terms of objectives of provision, content and teaching strategies.

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The existing business curriculum in Hong Kong secondary schools lacks significant programs in entrepreneurship education. This paper will look at the effect of the implementation of an entrepreneurial activity, the running of a New Year stall, on pupils. This research will look at three schools of different bandings which participated in the running of New Year stalls. Both teachers and pupils of the three schools taking part in the activity were recruited. In-depth interviews were conducted with teachers and pupils were both surveyed and interviewed. The findings in this study show the effectiveness of the activity as part of entrepreneurship education to teach secondary pupils many aspects related to work. This study clearly indicates that teachers and pupils found great value in entrepreneurship education and confirms that entrepreneurship education encourages the development of skills and attributes that employers are looking for such as teamwork, commitment and flexibility. It could also help to develop in pupils a realistic knowledge and understanding of business and working life.

This paper undertakes a comparative review of the development and implementation of media education in four Asian societies. The comparison focuses on the following issues: the general pedagogical transition from inoculation to empowerment; the roles of government policy and educational reform in facilitating the development of media education; and the strength of partnerships between educationists, local media and religious organizations. Specific topics such as contextual adaptation, the impact of technology, and the need for collaborative efforts are also discussed.Re´sume´-É DUCATION AUX MÉ DIAS À TRAVERS QUATRE SOCIÉ TÉ S ASIATIQUES: PROBLÈ MES ET THÈ MES -Cet article entreprend un examen comparatif du de´veloppement et de la mise en oeuvre de l'e´ducation aux me´dias dans quatre socie´te´s asiatiques. La comparaison se concentre sur les proble`mes suivants: la transition pe´dagogique ge´ne´rale de «l'inoculation» a`l'autonomisation ; les roˆles de la politique gouvernementale et de la re´forme de l'enseignement pour faciliter le de´vel-oppement de l'e´ducation aux me´dias; et la force des partenariats entre les e´ducateurs, les me´dias locaux et les organisations religieuses. Des sujets spe´cifiques tels que l'adaptation contextuelle, l'impact de la technologie et le besoin d'efforts de collaboration font e´galement l'objet d'une discussion.Zusammenfassung -MEDIENPÄ DAGOGIK IN VIER ASIATISCHEN GESELLS-CHAFTEN: THEMEN UND FRAGESTELLUNGEN -Dieser Artikel bietet einen vergleichenden Ü berblick u¨ber die Entwicklung und Durchfu¨hrung von Maßnahmen zur Medienausbildung in vier asiatischen Gesellschaften. Folgende Themen werden vergleichend behandelt: der allgemeine Ü bergang in Schulungskonzepten von der kritisch-passiven zur aktiven Medienkompetenz; die Rolle staatlicher Richtlinien und Bildungsreformen bei der Neuregelung medienpa¨dagogischer Entwicklungen; sowie die Stabilita¨t von Partnerschaften zwischen Bildungsbeauftragten, lokalen Medien und religio¨sen Organisationen. Des weiteren werden spezielle Themen diskutiert wie Kontextadaptation, Technologiefolgen und die Notwendigkeit versta¨rkter Zusammenarbeit.Resumen -EDUCACIÓ N EN MEDIOS EN CUATRO SOCIEDADES ASIÁ TICAS: ASUNTOS Y TEMAS: -Este trabajo contiene una visio´n general y una comparacio´n del desarrollo y la implementacio´n de la educacio´n en medios, observados en cuatro paı´ses asia´ticos. La comparacio´n se centra en los siguientes asuntos: la transicio´n pedago´gica general desde la inoculacio´n hasta el empoderamiento, los papeles que juegan la polı´tica de gobierno y la reforma educativa en el desarrollo de la educacio´n en medios, y la intensidad de las cooperaciones entre educadores, medios locales y organizaciones religiosas. Tambie´n describe aspectos especı´ficos, tales como la adaptacio´n contextual, el impacto de las tecnologı´as y la necesidad de que se realicen esfuerzos que promuevan estos objetivos.

The education reform in Hong Kong has been the subject of much debate and discussion as secondary schools and tertiary institutions work tirelessly to overhaul the current education system. The New Secondary School Curriculum (NSSC) attempts to meet the diverse interests and abilities of pupils by offering a range of options that provide "other learning experiences" structured (in the form of community service, professional and other forms of educational experiences concerning ethical, civic, aesthetic and physical dimensions) and the study of Chinese and English languages, mathematics and general education programmes. These changes have been introduced in order to increase the effectiveness of student learning.