Objective. To identify specific preceptor teaching-coaching, role modeling, and facilitating behaviors valued by pharmacy students and to develop measures of those behaviors that can be used for an experiential education quality assurance program. Methods. Using a qualitative research approach, we conducted a thematic analysis of student comments about excellent preceptors to identify behaviors exhibited by those preceptors. Identified behaviors were sorted according to the preceptor's role as role model, teacher/coach, or learning facilitator; measurable descriptors for each behavior were then developed. Results. Data analysis resulted in identification of 15 measurable behavior themes, the most frequent being: having an interest in student learning and success, making time for students, and displaying a positive preceptor attitude. Measureable descriptors were developed for 5 role-modeling behaviors, 6 teaching-coaching behaviors, and 4 facilitating behaviors. Conclusion. Preceptors may need to be evaluated in their separate roles as teacher-coach, role model, and learning facilitator. The developed measures in this report could be used in site quality evaluation.

Objectives:The Enhancing the Quality of Prescribing Practices for Older Adults Discharged from the Emergency Department (EQUIPPED) medication safety program involves three core components including provider education, clinical decision support, and audit and feedback using the American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria to determine potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). This study evaluated implementation of audit and feedback through a centralized informatics-based dashboard compared to academic detailing delivered one on one by an EQUIPPED champion. Methods: In a cluster-randomized study (October 2019-September 2021), eight VA emergency department (EDs) implemented either the academic detailing (n = 4) or the dashboard (n = 4) strategy for the audit and feedback component of EQUIPPED. The primary outcome was the monthly proportion of PIMs prescribed to Veterans 65 years or older at ED discharge. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the proportion of PIMs prescribed 6 months prior to EQUIPPED implementation compared to 12 months following implementation.Results: Eight VA ED sites successfully implemented the EQUIPPED program. During the 6-month baseline period, the academic detailing and dashboard sites had similar PIM prescribing rates of 8.01% for academic detailing versus 8.04% for dashboard (p = 0.90). Comparing 12 months of prescribing data after EQUIPPED implementation, the academic detailing group significantly improved PIM prescribing (7.07%) compared to the dashboard group (8.10%; odds ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.22, p ≤ 0.0001). Within the groups, two of the four academic detailing sites demonstrated statistically significant reductions in PIM prescribing. One of the four dashboard sites achieved nearly 50% relative reduction in PIM prescribing.

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