Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection worldwide; congenital CMV may lead to significant mortality, morbidity, or long-term sequelae, such as sensorineural hearing loss. The current study presents a newly designed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for CMV-specific microRNAs that does not involve extra care for receptor immobilization or treatment to prevent fouling on bare gold surfaces. The modification-free approach, which utilizes a poly-adenine [poly(A)]−Au interaction, exhibited a high affinity that was comparable to that of the gold−sulfur (Au−S) interaction. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used to separate the analyte from complex sample matrixes that significantly reduced nonspecific adsorption. Moreover, the MNPs also played an important role in SPR signal amplification due to the binding-induced change in the refractive index. Our SPR biosensing platform was used successfully for the multidetection of the microRNAs, UL22A-5p, and UL112-3p, which were associated with CMV. Our SPR biosensor offered the detection limits of 108 fM and 24 fM for UL22A-5p and UL112-3p, respectively, with an R 2 of 0.9661 and 0.9985, respectively. The precision of this biosensor has an acceptable CV (coefficient of variation) value of <10%. In addition, our sensor is capable of discriminating between serum samples collected from healthy and CMV-infected newborns. Taken together, we believe that our newly developed SPR biosensing platform is a promising alternative for the diagnosis of CMV-specific microRNA in clinical settings, and its application for the detection of other miRNAs may be extended further.

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In the EBCOT stage of JPEG2000, data lossy are incurred twice on an image. Oncefrom bits discard in quantization and another, from entropy coding. Therefore, the proposed new scheme for large-capacity data hiding will hide data in the compressed bitstreams after EBCOT to avoid data lossy. Layer optimization is then used to increase the lengths of bitstreams for hiding. A fake bitrate br is repeatedly readjusted to force the reassignments of bits in the last layer to manipulate these lengths. Experimental results proved that the amounts of data-to-hide can be manipulated, larger amounts can be hidden and the amount-to-hide easy to calculate.

Review: 73 refs.