BACKGROUND: Pro-social rule breaking (PSRB) is considered a positive deviant workplace behavior. In the Chinese context, paternalistic leadership (PL), combined with benevolent, moral, and authoritarian behaviors, appears to affect subordinates' internal psychology and external behaviors (e.g., PSRB). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between PL and PSRB in the Chinese context. It was also hypothesized that psychological empowerment (PE) and leader-member exchange (LMX) moderates the relationship between PL and PSRB, respectively. METHODS: Data were collected from 366 working adults in China. The participants provided their experience and perception in the workplace for the proposed research model. The reliability and validity of measurement scales were demonstrated. RESULTS:The results showed that the moral leadership dimension of PL negatively impacted PSRB, and the authoritarian leadership dimension of PL positively impacted PSRB. PE negatively moderated the relationship between moral leadership and PSRB and positively moderated the relationship between authoritarian leadership and PSRB. LMX positively moderated the relationship between authoritarian leadership and PSRB. CONCLUSIONS: The findings contribute to developing the theory of leadership style affecting PSRB. The implications for practice and future research directions were discussed.

The expansion of China's online shopping market has built a new business online promotion model and changed the online shoppers' consumption behavior. There was little research done concerning the impact of promotions on impulsive buying behavior and exploring the mediating effects of perceived value and positive emotion and the moderating effect of online reviews, in the context of online promotions of China. The data were collected from 330 individuals in China, providing their online shopping experience for the proposed research model. The conclusions showed that online promotions positively impacted on online impulsive buying behavior. Perceived value and positive emotion played a mediating role between online promotions and online impulsive buying behavior respectively, but online reviews didn't play a moderating role. These findings are expected to help online shopping enterprises design their online promotions programs.

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BACKGROUND: Employee’s expression of voice needs cognitive and emotional resources to express the constructive challenge. Leader humility, with the characteristics of openness to new ideas and feedback, may provide employees with psychological resources to express their voice. This study considers work engagement and cognitive emotion regulation strategies as psychological resources and examines their mediating effects. OBJECTIVE: Referring to the conservation of resources theory and affective events theory, this study aims to examine the mediating effects of work engagement and cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationships between leader humility and employees voice behaviors. METHODS: This study conducted a questionnaire survey on managers and employees at travel enterprises in China. Based on a survey of 837 valid questionnaires, participants provided their perception for the proposed research model. RESULTS: The results show that enhancing work engagement and controlled emotion regulation strategies and reducing automatic emotion regulation strategies partially mediate the relationships between leader humility and employee’s prohibitive voice. CONCLUSIONS: Enhancing work engagement and reducing automatic emotion regulation strategies have the mediating effects. However, controlled emotion regulation strategies and promotive voice need much psychological resources, employee adopting controlled emotion regulation doesn’t affect promotive voice and have mediating effects significantly.