This paper reviews the official documentation (standards, guidelines and procedures) available for the assessment of heritage timber structures. The subsequent discussion does not catalogue all relevant technical literature. Instead, it intends to convey the state of background knowledge, recommendations and code rules using some illustrative examples. A specific focus is given to visual inspection as a fundamental first step for all different scopes and levels of assessment. The objectives of this review are to: 1) highlight the gaps and limitations in the currently available tools as well as the need for standardization; 2) contribute to the definition of an ontological approach, Highlights • A review of the methodological, normative and operational tools for the assessment of heritage timber structures. • A critical discussion of the gaps and limitations of current assessment tools. • An introduction to a proposed inspection form for heritage timber roofs.

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Criteria for assigning class values to different vulnerability indicators in a procedure for assessing the seismic vulnerability of timber roof structures are discussed here. The main issues concern grading the structural typology, the quality of the carpentry joints, the effectiveness of supports, the effect of strengthening interventions, if present, and the resulting global behavior.

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