Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

This longitudinal pilot study compared the developmental patterns of groups in three different electronically supported meeting modes: face-to-face, dispersed-synchronous and dispersed-asynchronous. Comparkons along several behavioral and sociotechnical dimenswns which influence the group development process indicate that face-to-face groups experience more effective leadership and coordination competence over time compared to the distributed groups. However, dispersed groups did not differ from their face-to-face counterparts in cohesiveness and equality of participation. Moreover, groups in all three modes performed the task equally well. These results suggest that electronically distributed work groups --with adequate time and training --can become cohesive and perform effectively.

Abstract-This paper explains about similarity measure and the relationship between the knowledge repositories. This paper also describes the significance of document similarity measures, algorithms and to which type of text it can be applied Document similarity measures are of full text similarity, paragraph similarity, sentence similarity, semantic similarity, structural similarity and statistical measures. Two different frameworks had been proposed in this paper, one for measuring document to document similarity and the other model which measures similarity between documents to multiple documents. These two proposed models can use any one of the similarity measures in implementation aspect, which is been put forth for further research.

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Abstract-Generally, software re-engineering is economical and perfect way to provide much needed boost to a present software system. Software Re-engineering is like to obtain a fully completed software from existing software with additional features if needed. The overall process of Software re-engineering is to analyze the needed requiements & its contents. It also changes the needed contents or transforms the existing software system for reconstructing a novel software system. The difficult part in re-engineering is to understand the traditional system. Most of the software re-engineering mechanisms are aimed to achieve the common re-engineering objectives and the objectives are: improved software quality, reduced complexity, reduce maintenance cost and increased reliability. As a result, several traditional re-engineering mechanisms fail to verify the performance of individual functionality in existing software. This performance evaluation increases the complexity in reengineering process. To minimizing the complexities in software re-engineering, this proposed system implements a novel approach named Enhanced Re-engineering mechanism. This enhanced mechanism introduces a new idea, before executing the re-build process the developer verifies the performance of particular function in existing system. After that, the function performance is compared with proposed algorithm. Based on the comparison process only rebuild process should be carried out. Finally this proposed mechanism reduces the complexities in software re-engineering.