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BACKGROUNDNeurocutaneous syndromes are a group of central nervous system diseases that manifests with a specific skin lesion. The association between the lesion and the disease is so high that it can be encountered before its neurological sequelae. The sequelae persist throughout the life.The objective of this study is to find the incidence of neurocutaneous syndrome in paediatric practice.

Background: Maternal, foetal and placental risk factors have a causative effect in the prematurity and failure to thrive in the early infantile period. Timely diagnosis helps in the anticipation of complications specific to risk factors and managing by impairing their harmful effects on the growth and development of the baby.Methods: The study was conducted prospectively in Department of Paediatrics, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Chidambaram from January 2018 to June 2018. 361 Low birth weight babies were included. Neonates (n=361) weighing less than 2.5 kilograms with parental informed consent are included, whereas those with severe congenital anomaly, systemic disease or infection were excluded from the study. Various known maternal, placental and foetal risk factors are observed during the course of the study. The gestational age of the neonates was estimated using modified Dubowitz scoring. Other factors like mode of delivery of the babies were also noted. Statistical analysis (descriptive statistics) was done by using Microsoft Word 2010.Results: Out of 1040 babies born from January to July 2018, 341 babies weight less than 2.5 kg. Out of which 162 (44.88%) babies were born preterm. Of the full term births 52% were low birth weights The risk factors of the neonates are not mutually exclusive. In the present study 28 maternal risk factors were studied. The prevalence of maternal, fetal and placental risk factors was 85.32%, 74.79% and 6.65% respectively.Conclusions: Period prevalence of low birth weight babies and prematurity is 34.71% and 15.58% respectively. Risk factors are not independent to each other with maternal and foetal risk factors have almost have an effect on nearly three fourths of low birth weight neonates.

Background: Low birth weight babies is the result of being small for gestational age (i.e. under 10th percentile of the reference population) and preterm (i.e. before 37 weeks of gestation. Preterm infants have higher protein, calorie requirement, which cannot be met with unfortified breast milk feeds.Methods: This study was conducted prospectively in the Department of Pediatrics, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Chidambaram from October 2016 to April 2018. 20 low birth weight babies were selected by randomization technique and they were administered with 2 grams of oral colostrum fortified lactoferrin daily for 4 weeks. The rate of weight gain, length gain and head circumference gain were assessed prospectively for a period of 4 weeks. They were analysed statistically by ANOVA and tabulated. Babies weighing less than 2.5 kg and on exclusive breast feeding, were included. Babies more than 2.5kg and less than 1kg, at risk for neonatal sepsis, congenital heart disease, necrotizing enterocolitis were excluded from the study.Results: In the present study, 20 low birth weight babies were included. 11 maternal risk factors were identified. Out of which anemia stands as a single risk factor. The rate of weight gain in oral colostrum fortified lactoferrin, is 320 grams with P value of 0.703 which is not statistically significant. The rate of length gain is 3.3cm, p value is 0.093 which is statistically insignificant. The rate of head circumference gain in oral colostrum fortified lactoferrin is 2.8cm, with the p-value of 0.001 which is statistically significant.Conclusions: The rate of weight and length gain was normal, but the rate of head circumference gain is significantly increased in oral colostrum fortified lactoferrin supplementation.

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome is a severe life-threatening illness in the neonate and is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. MSAF is reported around 10 to 20% of live births in which MAS seen around 5-10%. Various maternal and neonatal factors have been found associated with MAS which lead to several complications in the neonates and succumb to the disease. Methods: The present study is a observational study was done on 59 babies admitted in NICU of Government medical college, Chidambaram for a period of 1 year and 2 months who fulfilled the clinical criteria for diagnosing MAS. Babies born with MSAF were resuscitated as per NRP guidelines and observed for their immediate outcome. Results: Out of 460 MSAF babies, 59 developed MAS with incidence of (12.8%). MAS was common with thick meconium (55.9%) compared to thin with male preponderance (54.2%) and Primi gravida (74.6%). MAS occurred more in babies having fetal distress and antenatal risk factors like PIH, PROM, and anaemia. MAS was common in babies born through normal vaginal delivery and in term gestation of 37-40weeks with mean birth weight of 2860±394. 1minute APGAR score less than 7 in (57.6%) MAS babies and most common complications were PPHN, seizures and pneumothorax. Mortality in MAS was around (13.5%) with most common cause was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Conclusion: Babies with MAS requires proper diagnosis and careful decisions are made about the timely intervention which reduces morbidity and mortality.