Background: Diarrhoeal disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in developing countries. Although Nigeria has already achieved remarkable progress in reducing under-five mortality in the last decades, studies done in different parts of Nigeria had shown that diarrhoea is still a major public health problem. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of diarrhoea in under-five children who presented to Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Neni through the period of January 2016 - December 2020, a 5-year review. It is also aimed at noting the influence of other socio demographic factors such as age, sex and seasonal variation on the occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases. Methods: A retrospective study design was used as patients’ records were obtained from the medical records for the said duration of study and a pro forma was used in extracting needed information. Results: A total of 128 cases of diarrhoeal disease were recorded out of the 897 under-five aged children that visited the hospital at the said period of study. Thus with a prevalence of 14.27%. Higher number of cases were recorded in the dry season 96 (75.0%) than the wet season; 32 (25.0%) cases. More males were affected; 78(60.1%) than females;50 (39.1%). Children aged 0-11 months were affected more; 62 (48.4%) followed by those within the age bracket of 12-23 months 32(25.0%) with those within the ages 48-59months having the least number of cases; 8 (6.3%). Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that diarrhoea occurs more in the dry season in this region than in the wet season. It was also concluded that the general risk of diarrhoeal disease decreases with increasing age in children and toddlers are the most at risk group of suffering the disease.

Introduction: HAIs are a major cause of morbidity, mortality and economic burden considering it affects millions of people each year. Evidence has shown that a great proportion of healthcare providers and patients had acquired infections within a healthcare facility. Methodology: A snowball sampling technique was utilized in the distribution of the online questionnaires sent in the form of a link through social media outlets such as WhatsApp, Face book and emails. This study was carried out among the clinical medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, in all colleges of medicine in south-eastern Nigeria. There was no restriction on the number of clinical medical student per school. An online survey was created using the free software Google form and distributed through social media networks (WhatsApp, Facebook, Emails). Data was collected within 4 weeks interval. Analysis was performed using the Statistical Software Package SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics (including means and standard deviations) was calculated for the numerical variables. Approval to carry out this study was obtained from the Scientific and Ethical Review Boards of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, South East Nigeria. Result: From the research conducted, out of 333 respondents, a whopping number of 138 medical students (41.4%) admitted to not having undergone any form of hand hygiene training within the past year. Only 78 students (23.4%) have been through frequent hand hygiene training frequently within this period. On universal precaution training within the same period, 150 students (45%) have not received any training while 72 students (21.6%) have frequently been exposed to the training. In addition, 21 students (6.3%) have undergone Needle stick injury training. Meanwhile, 258 students (77.5%) have not within the last 12 months. The same discrepancy is also seen in surgical scrubbing training where 192 students (57.7%) have not undergone any, having only 30 students (9%) admitting to such training. Conclusion: With clinical medical students having the most exposure to infectious agents during their training, and considering that they are still in their formative years as future clinicians, this study assessed their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the four major components of Infection control measures (ICMs).