Herbs have been used for centuries to improve health and wellbeing of mankind. Mainstream modern science is now beginning to re-focus on herbs and natural plant therapies as a primary means to deal with current day health issues. Plants have been an essential part of human society since the cultivation. The aim of this study focus on the phytochemicals and in vitro analysis of the antimicrobials activities of chloroform, methanol and acetone extracts of Andrographis paniculata leaves. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins and saponins. In vitro antimicrobial effect of these extracts were tested on four clinical and health important microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) at 400, 200, 100, 50 and 25mg/ml concentrations. The agar well diffusion and serial doubling dilution techniques were employed in this analysis, with azithromycin and fluconazole as the positive controls, whereas drug free and extract free solutions of chloroform, methanol and acetone were used as negative controls. All the extracts showed inhibitory effect on all the test organisms when compared with the positive and negative controls. The inhibitory zone diameter ranges from 50 to 200mg/ml whereas the lethal concentrations ranged from 100 to 200mg/ml. The chloroform extract of this plant was more effective than methanol and acetone extracts, and Staphylococcus aureus proved more sensitive to the extracts than E. coli, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans; nevertheless the plant extracts were considerably effective against all the organisms tested in this study. Therefore, this study justifies the use of Andrographis paniculata as potential source of antibiotics, and recommends the use of highly effective organic solvents for its extraction.
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