movement produced by contraction of skeletal muscles that substantially increases energy expenditure. 1 It is associated with lower risk of several diseases including: Cardiovascular disease, 2 Breast cancer, 3 Obesity, 4 Type 2 diabetes mellitus, 5 Osteoporosis, Protect ovarian function, 6 It affects hormonal milieu, including sex steroid hormones and metabolic profiles. 7 ABSTRACT Background: Sedentary lifestyle and diseases associated with it is on the increase in our communities, state and country as a whole. The objective was to determine the effect of exercise on ovarian reserve status of the participants using day 3 FSH, LH and estrogen values and the ovulatory status of the participants using day 21 progesterone values. Methods: The study was a prospective comparative study. A total of 30 participants were recruited for this work. They were divided into 2 groups: 15 subjects that did exercise for 1 month and 15 controls that didn't do any form of exercise. Baseline blood samples were collected from the two groups on day 3 and day 21 of the menstrual cycle. The subjects started exercise on day 1 of the next menstrual cycle. Blood samples were collected from the subjects and control on day 3 and day 21 of the next menstrual cycle. Results: There was significant reduction in weight and therefore BMI of the study group compared to control group and study group baseline after one month of exercise (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the baseline levels of Estrogen, FSH, LH and progesterone between the subjects and control groups before the exercise, but after 1 month of exercise, there were significant differences in the levels of estrogen, FSH, LH and progesterone in these groups (P<0.01). Among the study group there were significant differences in the baseline and final levels of Estrogen, FSH, LH and Progesterone (P<0.01). Conclusions:The hormonal pattern shows that moderate-vigorous exercise may increase the responsiveness and sensitivity of the follicles to FSH and LH with attendant increase in ovulatory status of young females.

Background: This study is aimed at evaluating the levels of some trace elements and testosterone, and to ascertain their possible association in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Ninety male type 2 diabetic subjects and forty five apparently healthy non-diabetic male individuals were recruited into this study. The control group was matched for age with the study subjects and they were all within the age range of 30-67 years. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), testosterone, trace elements (zinc, selenium, manganese), Body Mass Index (BMI) were determined. Results: This study showed significant decreases in the levels of trace elements (Zn, Se, and Mn) with a concomitant decrease in the levels of testosterone in type 2 diabetic patients (P <0.001). This findings were further strengthened by the strong positive correlation between testosterone and these trace elements (P <0.05). Conclusion: This suggests that low testosterone level might be as a result of low trace elements considering their role in testosterone production. Therefore, trace elements supplementation is recommended.