Studies on the abundance and preferred breeding sites of mosquitoes in different larval micro-habitats of refuse disposal dumps in Owerri were carried out between April and December 2016. Mosquito larvae were collected twice a week using standard dipping method and reared to adult stage. Two thousand, nine hundred and eighty seven adult mosquitoes were harvested. They were identified morpho-metrically into different species using binocular stereomicroscopes and taxonomic identification keys. Eight species of mosquitoes were identified: Aedes aegypti (28%), Aedes albopictus (18.1%), Anopheles species (4.0%), Culex trigripes (16.0%), Culex quinquefasciatus (19.9%), Culex vittatus (5.3%), Eretampodite spp (4.8%) and Toxorhynchites spp (3.7%). The findings showed that blocked gutters, empty cans and ground pools favoured the breeding of mosquitoes. Highest abundance of mosquitoes in the study sites were recorded in Relief Market and Concord Area. The presence of mosquitoes in the refuse dump sites was observed throughout the year. This suggests why mosquito borne diseases like malaria are prevalent in the study area throughout the year. The implication of the findings and recommendations for implementation of proper and regular disposal of refuse are discussed.

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Glycosuria and bacterial infections of patients with prolonged orthopaedic wounds and the antibiotics susceptibility of the bacteria associates was studied between October 2016 and May 2017. A total of 130 male and female respondents aged 18 to 50 years were selected for this study from out -patients and in -patients at Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu, Federal Medical Centre Owerri and 4 major private hospitals in Orlu and Owerri. One hundred and twenty four (82.7%) respondents completed and returned their questionnaires and wound swab was collected from 101 (67.3%) respondents. Thirteen (12.9%) respondents had concomitant infections of 2 bacterial species each and 88 (87.1%) had single bacterial infection each. Five species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were isolated from the patients. A total of 114 bacterial isolates were obtained. The most prevalent isolate (32.7%) was Pseudomonas aeroginosa and the least prevalent bacteria (12.8%) was Streptococcus species. Out of 124 respondents that completed and returned their questionnaires, 66 (53.2%) had wounds caused by vehicle road accident, 40 (32.3%) had wounds caused by assault / domestic violence and 16 (12.9%) had wounds caused by burn. The antibiotic susceptibility of the test isolates showed that ciprofloxacin (ciproxin) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on the test isolates except one strain of Escherichia coli. Ampiclox and Augmentin did not exhibit any growth inhibitory effect on Streptococcus species. Augmentin exhibited the lowest growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while Nitrofurantoin exhibited the lowest on Escherichia coli. Urine analysis of the patients showed that 54 (53.5%) out of 101 patients examined had glucose in their urine. Comparative analysis of the data showed that prevalence of long -healing orthopaedic wounds was higher amongst patients with glucose in their urine than those without glucose in their urine. This study has shown that microbial infections which complicate and contribute immensely to long time taken for orthopaedic wounds to heal are treatable with conventional antibiotics available in Nigerian markets and used in Nigerian hospitals.

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