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Patients with ureteral obstructions can be treated sufficiently with the Resonance(®) metallic stent. Patients who had gynecological malignancies and received radiotherapy had a higher failure rate after Resonance(®) metallic stent insertion.

Abstract-There have been many results on designing transceivers for MIMO channels. In early results, the transceiver is designed for a given bit allocation. In this paper we will jointly design the transceiver and bit allocation for maximizing bit rate. By using a high bit rate assumption, we will see that the optimal transceiver and bit allocation can be obtained in a closed form using simple Hadamard inequality and the Poincaré separation theorem. In the simulation, we will demonstrate the usefulness of the joint design. Simulation results, in which a high bit rate assumption is not used in allocating bits, show that a higher bit rate can be achieved compared to previously reported methods.

Abstract-Bit rate and power are two commonly used optimality criteria for MIMO transceiver design. In the literature, bit rate maximization and power minimization problems are viewed as different problems and solved independently. In this paper, we derive the duality between these two problems for both the cases with and without integer constraint on bit allocation. We will show that if a transceiver is optimal for the power-minimizing problem, it is also optimal for the rate maximizing problem, and the converse is true. Such a duality has not been stated and proved in the literature to the best of our knowledge. The derivation does not involve any existing optimal solution and we can establish duality result even for the rate maximization problem with integer bit constraint, which the optimal solution is not known. The duality also allows us to develop an algorithm for finding the rate-maximizing transceiver with integer bit allocation using the solution of power-minimizing system. We will also consider some possible generalizations of the problem, for example, when there is a constraint on the maximal constellation size and when the subchannel bit error rates (BERs) are constrained. For each of these cases, we will see that the duality between the two problems continued to hold. In the simulations, we will compute the optimal solutions for these two problems and demonstrate the duality between these two.

Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is one of the lethal causes of cancer mortality of the genitourinary tract. Carcinogenic epidemiological risk factors exposure and age over 65 years old are associated with UCC risk. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) was suggested as a tumor marker of metastasis and predictor of poor survival in urothelial carcinomas. In this study, we focused on the associations of MMP11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to UCC susceptibility, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis. In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze five SNPs of MMP11 rs738791, rs2267029, rs738792, rs28382575, and rs131451 in 431 patients with UCC and 650 cancer-free controls. The MMP11 rs28382575 polymorphic “CT” genotype were susceptible to UCC (AOR = 2.045, 95% CI = 1.088 − 3.843; p = 0.026). For MMP11 rs131451, a significant association was found in 166 UCC patients among age ≤ 65 years old who carried MMP11 rs131451 polymorphic “CC” genotype, which is associated with lower risk to develop later tumor T status (T1-T4) (OR = 0.375, 95% CI = 0.159 − 0.887; p = 0.026) compared with the (CT + TT) genotype. Furthermore, patients of UCC with rs738792 polymorphic “CC” genotype were observed to have higher free of relapse (FS) (p = 0.035), disease specific survival rate (p = 0.037), and overall survival rate (p = 0.009) compared with the rs738792 (CT + CC) genotype. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the MMP11 SNPs are associated with UCC susceptibility, clinical status, and disease survival. The MMP11 polymorphisms may have potential to predict UCC susceptibility and prognosis.