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Highly volatile iridium(I) carbonyl complexes (1-5) with three anionic fluorinated chelates, namely ketoiminate, aminoalkoxide, or iminoalkoxide, have been synthesized and their physical properties relevant to CVD are evaluated. A single-crystal Xray diffraction (XRD) study on Ir(CO) 2 (amakNMe 2 ) (3) confirms a square-planar geometry with two cis-orientated carbonyl ligands. Metallic iridium, polycrystalline IrO 2 thin films, or even patterned IrO 2 nanowires are deposited using Ir(CO) 2 (hfdaN n Pr) (5) as the CVD precursor. A systematic investigation of the deposition of IrO 2 nanowires is conducted, showing a close correlation of observed crystallite morphology with applied system pressure, underlying growth surface, and deposition temperature. Of particular importance, tilted and vertically aligned IrO 2 nanowires are obtained on LiTaO 3 (012) and LiNbO 3 (100) surfaces under a pressure of 30 Torr of oxygen at 425°C. The morphology and structural composition of the IrO 2 are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XRD analyses.

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In this study, we report a perovskite solar cell (PSC) can be benefited from the high quality of inorganic nickel oxide (NiOx) as a hole transport layer (HTL) film fabricated from the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC is found to depend on the thickness of NiOx HTL. The NiOx thickness is optimized via quantitative investigation of the structure, optical and electrical properties. With an active area of 11.25 cm2, a PSC module (25 cm2) with a PCE of 15.1% is demonstrated, while statistically averaged PCE = 18.30% with an open voltage (Voc) 1.05 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) 23.89 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) 72.87% can be achieved from 36 devices with smaller active areas of 0.16 cm2. After the stability test at 40% relative humidity (RH) and 25 °C for 1200 h, the highest performance NiOx-based PSC is shown to be about 1.2–1.8 times superior to PEDOT:PSS organic HTL based PSC at the same environment.