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Exciplex formation could be confirmed through photoluminescence (PL) measurement of films consisting of both hole transport material (HTM) and electron transport material (ETM) or by measuring the electroluminescence (EL) of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with an HTM:ETM mixed emitting layer (EML). However, preparation for solid films or OLEDs is time-consuming, thus reducing the effective identification of exciplex systems in broad material combinations. This study proposes a fast-screening method for exciplex formation by measuring PL spectra in a relatively high polar solvent. Several HTM:ETM combinations were used to assess the feasibility of the proposed fastscreening method. The exciplex was further confirmed by phosphorescence as well as transient PL decay. In addition, pure exciplex OLEDs with an HTM:ETM mixed EML exhibited EL spectra akin to their corresponding PL spectra measured in a high polar solvent, verifying exciplex formation. These results demonstrated that our proposed PL measurement in a high polar solvent could effectively accelerate the screening for exciplex formation, thereby boosting the rapid development of exciplex research.

A fragment of DNA sequence derived from a hepatotropic virus, named NV-F was isolated recently. The aim of this study was to examine whether this virus was associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Total cellular DNA was extracted from hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. NV-F virus DNA was detected by PCR. The PCR products were subjected to sequence analysis. Of the 78 HCC samples included, 12 (15.4%) were positive for NV-F virus DNA. Sequence analysis of the 12 amplified DNA fragments revealed a point mutation in one of them. The clinicopathological parameters between patients with and without NV-F virus infection were compared. It was found that patients with NV-F virus infection were older than those without NV-F virus infection (mean ages, 61.5 versus 52.5 years; P = 0.032). Otherwise, no difference was observed between the two groups. Of the 12 HCC patients positive for NV-F virus DNA, 11 patients were co-infected by either hepatitis B or C virus. The remaining patient was a Taiwanese aboriginal inhabitant with cryptogenic cirrhosis. In conclusion, NV-F virus DNA was identified in 15.4% of HCC tissues. HCC patients with NV-F virus infection were significantly older than those without NV-F virus infection.

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