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Background2,9-Bis[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy]-6-{4-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy] phenyl}-11H-indeno[1,2-c]quinolin-11-one (BPIQ) is a derivative from 6-arylindeno[1,2-c]quinoline. Our previous study showed the anti-cancer potential of BPIQ compared to its two analogues topotecan and irinotecan. In the study, the aim is to investigate the potency and the mechanism of BPIQ against lung cancer cells.MethodsBoth in vitro and zebrafish xenograft model were performed to examine the anti-lung cancer effect of BPIQ. Flow cytometer-based assays were performed for detecting apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Western blot assay was used for detecting the changes of apoptotic and cell cycle-associated proteins. siRNA knockdown assay was performed for confirming the apoptotic role of Bim.ResultsBoth in vitro and zebrafish xenograft model demonstrated the anti-lung cancer effect of BPIQ. BPIQ-induced proliferative inhibition of H1299 cells was achieved through the induction of G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis. The results of Western blot showed that BPIQ-induced G2/M-phase arrest was associated with a marked decrease in the protein levels of cyclin B and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). The up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bad, Bim and down-regulation of pro-survival XIAP and survivin was observed following BPIQ treatment.ConclusionsBPIQ-induced anti-lung cancer is involved in mitochondrial apoptosis. BPIQ could be a promising anti-lung cancer drug for further applications.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1970-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Certain indeno[1,2-c]quinoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferation, DNA binding affinity, and topoisomerases (topo I and topo II) inhibitory activities. The preliminary results are the following: (1) substituent of the aminoalkoxyimino side chain at C11 is important for antiproliferative activities in which the terminal amine preferred to be a tertiary or the cyclic five-membered pyrrolidino ring; (2) among the indeno[1,2-c]quinoline derivatives evaluated, (E)-6-hydroxy-9-methoxy-11H-indeno[1,2-c]quinolin-11-one O-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl oxime (8c) was found to be one of the most cytotoxic agents with a GI50 value of 0.84, 0.89, and 0.79 microM against SAS, A549, and BT483, respectively, which is more active than camptothecin; (3) substituent at C6 is crucial for the selective cytotoxicity in which the OH group is the most preferred while hydrogen or piperazine exhibited cytotoxicity on both cancer cells and Detroit-551; (4) a positive correlation of antiproliferative activity, DNA binding affinity, and topo I and topo II inhibitory activities has been observed for indeno[1,2-c]quinoline derivatives; (5) compound 8c induced DNA fragmentation may through caspase-3 activation, phosphorylation of the histone protein H2AX at Ser139 (gamma-H2AX), and PARP cleavage; (6) compound 8c demonstrated significant tumor regression in the human breast xenograft model; (7) indeno[1,2-c]quinoline derivatives are a new class of molecules that have the potential to be developed as dual topo I and topo II inhibitory agents.

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