Recycling oil from scrap rubber products, especially scrap tires, has contributed to reducing the use of fossil fuels. However, the impurities in recycled oil and the large emission of pollutants from the oil are problems yet to be solved. Therefore, the efficient use of pyrolysis oil (PO) from scrap tires needs investigation. We investigated the combustion efficiency, pollutant emission, and physicochemical properties of three different types of diesel (PO, 0# diesel CNPC, B100) and two mixtures (PO with 0# diesel CNPC and PO with B100) by testing and measurement. The mixtures had better properties, higher efficiency, and lower emission of pollutants (CO, HC, NOx, particulate matter) from an engine than each type of diesel. Similar output power was obtained for both tested fuel mixtures in this study. To obtain similar performances to 0# diesel CNPC and PO with B100, it was necessary to adjust the engine control module (ECM). The results of this study provide information on how to use recycled fuels effectively with refined diesel, which suggests a way to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the emission of pollutants.

An optimization strategy is proposed to improve the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by using the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) and game theory. TRIZ is widely used to provide solutions to the problems of systematic and innovative designs as it is based on the analysis of scientific and engineering aspects in patented technologies. Factors that improve and worsen the flow control of air and hydrogen are selected by TRIZ. The selected factors are assessed to establish quality optimization strategies, with game theory used to formulate the reward matrix from the negotiation between two parameters. A COMSOL simulation of quality gain and loss was performed using the measured data of inlet temperature, inlet pressure, and pressure drop, which were found to be important factors. The results showed that the outlet temperature, outlet pressure, and pressure drop were improved by 16.67, 78.8, and 11.73% by the control of the inlet temperature, inlet pressure, and flow of air and hydrogen, respectively. TRIZ with game theory was proved effective for obtaining an appropriate flow control strategy of a PEMFC, and provides an effective and easy way to design and manufacture a device when there are many factors and parameters to consider.