Abstract

We consider liquid in a cylindrical beaker and study the deformation of its surface under the influence of an impinging gas jet. Analyzing such a system not only is of fundamental theoretical interest, but also of industrial importance, e.g., in metallurgical applications. The solution of the full set of governing equations is computationally expensive. Therefore, to obtain initial insight into relevant regimes and timescales of the system, we first derive a reduced-order model (a thin-film equation) based on the long-wave assumption and on appropriate decoupling the gas problem from that for the liquid and taking into account a disjoining pressure. We also perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the full governing equations using two different approaches, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package in COMSOL and the volume-of-fluid Gerris package. The DNS are used to validate the results for the thinfilm equation and also to investigate the regimes that are beyond the range of validity of this equation. We additionally compare the computational results with experiments and find good agreement.