Background/ Aims: Owing to practical and technical developments, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been administered even in critically ill neonates. In this study, the complications in CRRT for neonates were examined to establish a safe CRRT. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical records of neonates who underwent CRRT at our neonatal intensive care unit between 2009 and 2017. Results: Eight neonates with a body weight of 1,462–3,288 g were treated by 70 CRRT sessions with blood priming. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) was observed in 39 sessions (55.7%), most of which occurred soon after the start of the CRRT. Body temperature decreased in 48 sessions (70.5%), and thrombocytopenia during CRRT occurred 30 times (42.9%). Conclusion: Complications during CRRT in neonates comprised IDH at the start of the CRRT, body temperature decline, and thrombocytopenia. These complications need to be analyzed for a safe neonatal CRRT.

Onconephrology is a recently developed specialized field that focuses on the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with 39 (139)

Background Overnight catheter drainage (OCD) is introduced to avoid overdistention of the bladder at night‐time when clean intermittent catheterization proves ineffective for daytime management of neurogenic bladder. We adopted OCD using disposable silicone no‐balloon (DSnB) catheters, with the distal end outside the body opening into diapers. OCD using DSnB catheter, however, had risks of retrograde bacterial contamination. Therefore, in this study, the validity of equipping DSnB catheters with check valves to prevent retrograde bacterial contamination was examined. Methods For the in vitro study, excised saline‐filled swine bladders were drained using DSnB catheters with or without check valves, and the time required for intravesical pressure to reach 5 cmH2O was measured. For the in vivo study, in cross‐over experiments comparing DSnB catheters with and without check valves, OCD using DSnB catheters for 10 h was performed in rabbits under analgesia. Bacterial growth from urine samples before and after OCD and residual urine volume were examined. Results For the in vitro experiment, the median drainage time was 368.2 s (range, 88–1,085 s) and 344.7 s (range, 28–840 s) with and without check valves, respectively (n = 6), which was not significantly different. For the in vivo experiment, in cross‐over experiments (n = 8) new bacterial growth rates after OCD did not differ, and median residual urine volume was 17.1 mL (range, 0–75 mL) and 1.2 mL (range, 0–5 mL) with and without check valves, respectively (P = 0.055). Conclusions Installing a check valve in the DSnB catheter did not decrease new bacterial growth, while tending to increase residual urine volume. DSnB catheters without check valves appear to be better for continuous drainage of urine from bladder.