No abstract

Diversity and genetic distance are required as initial foundations to identify germplasm Indonesian cassava potential for food, industrial, and biofuel resources. This study used 181 cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) accessions from all islands in Indonesia, i.e. Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Timur and Papua Islands. The study was conducted in July 2013 to March 2014. Research experiment design was arranged in Augmanted Design with three control plants per row. There were traits of morphological rod and leaf as parameter, the number of 19 traits. The analysis was using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). Results of this study are genetic diversity and distance cassava from Indonesia with a wide diversity level of 49.82 % and from 1 to 17 genetic distance spread throughout Indonesia.

There is an abundance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) genetic resources in Indonesia, and the local accessions are inseparable from the community of Indonesia. Several of the cultivars have cultural significance and over time have been bred for specific uses and products. The specific use and combination of traits encourages the use of local cultivars or aims for genetic improvement of the local cultivars. The objective of this study was to measure character variability and to categorize cassava clones based on specific characteristics to better inform selection criteria. A total of 156 cassava clones collected from all over Indonesia were evaluated along with three clones of the local cultivar Jatinangor as checks. This is basic research, so the data information can be a complement to the cassava germplasm in Indonesia. The experiment was performed as an augmented block design. The variability of characteristics was analyzed using principal components analysis with a Pearson correlation. Grouping of clones was accomplished using a symmetric biplot function. Three first principal components contributed to the maximum variability of cassava by 87.85 %, and characters that contributed variability had factor loadings>0.6. Having variability in characteristics suggests that there is an opportunity for performance-based clone selection. In this study,nine cassava clones with desirable trait combinations were identified based on PCA, of which four were identified as the best performing clones.

Ercis (Pisum sativum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman kacang komersial yang penting di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Ercis lokal merupakan sumber populasi untuk meningkatkan kapasitas genetik hasil panen polong dan biji melalui seleksi galur murni. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari jarak dan keanekaragaman genetik, serta keragaman karakter 37 genotipe potensial ercis hasil seleksi galur murni varietas lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2018 di Desa Pendem, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 37 genotipe sebagai perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali, sehingga terdapat 111 satuan percobaan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada masing-masing tanaman yakni karakter agronomi dan morfologi. Pengelompokan genetik didasarkan pada agglomerative hierarchical clustering dengan similiritas koefisien kolerasi Pearson dan metode aglomerasi unweighted pair group method average (UPGMA). Keanekaragaman genetik didasarkan pada indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’) dan indeks Shimpson (D). Keragaman karakter agronomi dan morfologi 37 genotipe ercis menggunakan principal component analysis (PCA) dengan pendekatan tipe korelasi Pearson. Berdasarkan analisis klaster 37 genotipe ercis terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok berdasarkan 61 karakter agro-morfologi dengan koefisien kemiripan 89-99%. Diversitas genetik ercis dikategorikan sedang dengan nilai indeks Shanon-Wiener 1,5 dan nilai indeks Simpson 0,26 yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat kelompok genetik yang mendominansi. Tiga puluh tujuh genotipe ercis memiliki keragaman yang luas. Keragaman kumulatif berdasarkan 61 karakter agro-morfologi yang diamati mencapai 87,83% yang melibatkan 44 karakter pada 16 komponen utama pertama.Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the important commercial legumes in the world, including in Indonesia. The aims of the research were to study  genetic distance, diversity, and characters variability of 37 genotypes of pea. The experiment was conducted on March to June 2018 in Pendem, Junrejo, Batu City. The experimental design used a randomized block design with 37 genotypes as treatments and replicated three times. Observations was made on agronomic and morphological characters. Genetic grouping according to agglomerative hierarchical clustering with Pearson correlation coefficient similarity and unweighted pair group average agglomeration method (UPGMA). Genetic diversity based on Shannon-Wiener (H') index and Shimpson (D) index. Variability of agronomic and morphological characters in 37 genotypes was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) with Pearson correlation approach. The results showed that cluster analysis of 37 genotypes was divided into six groups in 61 agro-morphological characters with similarity coefficients of 89-99%. Genetic diversity was medium categorized with Shanon-Wiener index value of 1.5 and Simpson index value of 0.26. It was indicated that no dominating on genotypes group. Thirty seven genotypes of pea showed high variability. Cumulative variability on 61 observed agro-morphological characters reached 87.83% which involved 44 characters in 16 first principal components.