Objectives: To elucidate the treatment results and predictors for successful outcome in women with detrusor underactivity (DU) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) undergoing suburethral sling procedure.Methods: Medical records of women with coexistent SUI and DU treated with a suburethral sling were retrospectively reviewed and we analyzed the association between treatment outcome and baseline demographics including etiology of DU and urodynamic variables. Patients who were dry and could urinate spontaneously were considered successful. Treatment failure was considered in those who were dry but needing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and patients who were still wet.Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7)scores were used to assess the impact of surgery on the quality of life.Results: Among 71 patients, a successful outcome was noted in 39 (55%), failed outcome with CIC in 15 (21%), and totally treatment failure in 17 (24%). Treatment outcome did not differ among the etiology subgroups. Overall, UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores significantly improved after surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the IIQ-7 and maximum flow rate (Qmax) were two independent predictors for improvement after surgery. An IIQ-7 score ≤6, and Qmax ≥6 mL/s can predict improvement by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Qmax ≤6 mL/s can predict needing CIC after surgery.Conclusions: For women with SUI and coexistent DU who underwent suburethral sling procedure, low IIQ-7 (≤6) scores and higher Qmax (≥6 mL/s) are predictors for improvement of surgical outcome. A Qmax of <6 mL/s was the only predictor for CIC after surgery. K E Y W O R D S detrusor underactivity, incontinence, sling surgery, urodynamics

Interface phenomena refer to the phenomena caused by various physical and chemical processes occurring at phase interfaces. These phenomena can include adhesion, friction, lubrication, evaporation, condensation, adsorption, monolayer formation, and other phenomena and are applied in many fields, such as food, papermaking, rubber, material science, energy, and biomedicine. However, traditional detection equipment cannot meet the interface phenomena observation needs because the information detected by techniques such as electrochemistry, spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry is limited, as are the sensitivity and minimum detection limit. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) combined technology is a powerful tool for investigating interface phenomena. This paper reviews all combination technologies of SPR with various conventional detection systems, emphasizing the combination with electrochemistry, Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. These technologies can observe interface phenomena through SPR and provide redox, molecular structure, functional group change, and other information. Through this information, the reactions on the interface can be made clearer and more controllable, which plays an important role in practical detection. In the future, SPR combined technology will mainly develop toward signal enhancement, light source coupling mode, and sensor chip design, and SPR will be combined with various detection technologies to achieve real‐time in situ detection of interface phenomena.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present basic resources and practical strategies for undergraduate art history research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the author's experience as both an art librarian and instructor for a core requirement art history course.FindingsThe plan detailed in this paper covers every step of the research process, from exploring the topic to citing the sources. The resources listed, which include subscription databases as well as public web sites, are deliberately limited to a manageable number. Additional topics include defining the scope of inquiry and making appropriate use of internet resources such as Wikipedia.Originality/valueThe paper provides the academic librarian with clear guidance on basic research resources in art history.

PurposeThis paper aims to identify a selection of websites for the study and enjoyment of the visual arts.Design/methodology/approachFrom the hundreds of offerings on the world wide web, the 24 public sites featured in this article are distinguished by the quality of their content, design, and ease of use.FindingsThe best websites are great tools for teachers, students, and interested individuals to explore and learn about the visual arts. Taking advantage of advancing technology, they offer experiences that go far beyond convenient delivery of traditional analog materials.Originality/valueOffers practical suggestions for public and academic librarians on the most useful and usable public websites devoted to the visual arts.