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Macrophages play essential roles throughout the wound repair process. Nevertheless, mechanisms regulating the process are poorly understood. MAFB is specifically expressed in the macrophages in hematopoietic tissue and is vital to homeostatic function. Comparison of the skin wound repair rates in macrophage-specific, MAFB-deficient mice (Mafbf/f::LysM-Cre) and control mice (Mafbf/f) showed that wound healing was significantly delayed in the former. For wounded GFP knock-in mice with GFP inserts in the Mafb locus, flow cytometry revealed that their GFP-positive cells expressed macrophage markers. Thus, macrophages express Mafb at wound sites. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, proteome analysis, and RT-qPCR of the wound tissue showed relative downregulation of Arg1, Ccl12, and Ccl2 in Mafbf/f::LysM-Cre mice. The aforementioned genes were also downregulated in the bone marrow-derived, M2-type macrophages of Mafbf/f::LysM-Cre mice. Published single-cell RNA-Seq analyses showed that Arg1, Ccl2, Ccl12, and Il-10 were expressed in distinct populations of MAFB-expressing cells. Hence, the MAFB-expressing macrophage population is heterogeneous. MAFB plays the vital role of regulating multiple genes implicated in wound healing, which suggests that MAFB is a potential therapeutic target in wound healing.

The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the interference of light scattered from different planes in a simple interferometer, in order to establish techniques for final output fringe contrast enhancement and spatial noise removal, which are simple to implement. The approach developed here involves modifying the spatial coherence of the illuminating wave. By controlling the correlation length of this wave, a time averaged interferogram along with another for which a t phase shift has been introduced into the reference arm, provides the necessary information to retrieve the fringe pattern of interest without noise. The approach suggested allows the controlling parameters to be easily varied optically in order to deal with different spatial noise types and scales. The benefits of this method are to the case for which the long range and slowly varying surface or index profile under test, is to be accurately measured. Simulations are presented and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed coherence degradation procedures is given.

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