A three-phase magnetoelectric ͑ME͒ composite consisting of Pb͑Zr, Ti͒O 3 rods embedded in a matrix of Terfenol-D/epoxy ͑TDE͒ pseudo 1-3 composites has been fabricated. Besides the large ME effect, its frequency response under a magnetic bias field has been studied. It was found that the resonance shifts to lower frequency with increasing bias field. Due to the magnetomechanical characteristics of the TDE pseudo 1-3 medium, the composite shows a similar trend in ME performance. Magnetic-field dependence of the frequency shift provides a means to tune the performance of ME sensors based on the composite.

A stress-biased magnetoelectric sensor with a built-in permanent magnet has been fabricated using piezoelectric lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate single crystal and magnetostrictive Terfenol-D alloy. The resonance characteristics and magnetoelectric performance of the sensor have been evaluated under different stress-biased conditions. The resonance of the sensor shifts to higher frequency with increasing preloading stress. Due to the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive enhancements under preload, the device exhibits a giant magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 0.22 V/Oe at a preloading stress of 2.5 MPa. This compact device has the potential to be used as a standalone sensor without requiring external power input.