In Nigeria, the economic problem of allocating energy to medicare have long been a major concern and standardized indices to be used as guidance are non-existent. This paper determines energy indices for assessment of how Nigerian hospitals prioritize their energy utilization. Systematic field surveys followed by in-depth statistical analysis were adopted. The hospitals were stratified into four categories for the investigation. Then, questionnaires were designed, randomly administered and their responses generated in conversation with workers at 70 hospitals in Nigeria. Results of the analysis show that an average hospital in Nigeria, depending on its category, uses energy as follows: rural 66.936kWh/day; urban 343.23 kWh/day; specialist 454.872 kWh/day and teaching 1,944.394 kWh/day. Lighting is shown as a critical energy function and accounts for as much as 15%, 36%, 40.5% and 69.5% of daily energy use in rural, urban, specialist and teaching hospitals, respectively. A productivity based energy performance indicator for each hospital category works out to be 3.346 kWh/bed space/day, 2.367 kWh/bed space/day, 4.548 kWh/bed space/day and 19.443 kWh/bed space/day, respectively, for typical rural, urban, specialist and teaching hospitals. The respective Building Energy Index (BEI) values for the categories of hospitals are as follows: rural 0.13 kWh/m 2 /day; urban 0.077 kWh/m 2 /day; specialist 0.088 kWh/m 2 /day and teaching 0.277 kWh/m 2 /day. The low BEI implies that the buildings have lower rates of sick building syndrome symptoms. Also, autogeneration is predominantly used in all the hospitals, when grid utility supply is unavailable.

There’s been a significant increase in Natural disasters in the world today, which is as a result of global warming/climate change. Besides other contributors, buildings are high contributors to this, studies have shown that they are the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gases emitters in both developed and developing countries. This study is aimed at determining the extent to which the CO2 emission of a typical modern building can be reduced so as to help combat global warming/climate change, through reviewing related literature/data gotten from other researchers. Building embodied energy was critically analyzed, and it was observed that it can be more or less depending on the initial embodied energy of the building. The building materials embodied energy, which constitutes the initial indirect embodied energy of the building, can be significantly reduced by the use of environmentally friendly building materials which will in turn reduce the building initial embodied energy and eventually, the building embodied energy. This study tends to recommend that the commonly used ordinary Portland cement with high embodied energy should be totally replaced with fly Ash, as well as the replacement of the hollow concrete block with Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks which is a derivative of Fly-Ash. It also recommends the introduction of green vegetation within and around the building envelop, to help minimize the CO2 emitted by the buildings as much as possible, in the course of running and maintaining them.

This study assesses the environmental impacts of energy consumption of 24 hotel buildings in Enugu Metropolis. Structured questionnaire was administered to the hotel managers in order to collect energy consumption pattern. Measurements were carried out to reproduce the floor plans of the hotels in-order to determine the floor areas. The breakdown of energy consumption showed that diesel and petrol generator sets dominated for regular and 24hours electricity supply. The average Building Energy Index (BEI) of 405.73Kwh/m 2 /yr was derived based on unit floor area. The result further showed that average CO2 emissions from consumption of grid electricity to be 2936.06KgCO2e/Kwh/yr, and 294817.44KgCO2e/litre/yr and 1546.69KgCO2e/litre/yr, respectively for diesel and petrol. The study concluded that there is need to reduce COPYRIGHT © IAARR: www.afrrevjo.net 20 Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info dependence on fossil fuel consumption of the hotels and therefore recommends the encouragement of low energy and energy efficient hotel building designs in the study area.

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