It is important that leaks are detected early in pipelines. The need for prompt and accurate leak detection becomes more crucial when the pipeline content is gaseous. Remedial actions require that the leak location be determined in any leak incidence. Accurate leak localization will not only save cost but will enhance remedial actions such as replacement and repairs of damaged pipeline sections, clean-up of affected ecological systems and direct inspection of degree of damage. This information will aid in understanding the causes and effects of the leak. This paper presents a mathematical model for determination of the location of leak in a natural gas pipeline. The mathematical approach employed a mass balance approach to the modification of the Weymouth's gas transportation equation in a horizontal natural gas pipeline. The pipeline under consideration was divided into two sections at the advent of leak. Before the leak point the pipeline cross section is represented as the upstream section while the downstream represents the section ahead of the leak point. The mathematical model herein was developed with reference to the downstream section of the pipeline. The results showed good accuracy with other leak location models available in literature and was also verified to be correct and within acceptable error limits when compared with actual field data.

The demand for membranes have increased enormously in the last decades due to increased applicability in many industrial activities. In the oil and gas industry, filtration membranes gain popularity over other types of membranes due to their usage in separation of oil-water emulsion using microfiltration and/or ultrafiltration techniques. Researchers have geared interest in the development of better performance membranes aimed at improving the efficiency of separation and antifouling properties. Developments in nanotechnology has made available nanoparticles which are used to further enhance the properties and performance of membranes, adding credence to membrane usage in emulsion separation. In this work, Polystyrene membrane of size 0.1µm is enhanced by coating with Aluminium oxide nanoparticle for improve fouling resistance properties and separation efficiency. Experiments were conducted in separation of oil-water emulsion using the prepared composite membrane system. Results show that the membrane system yields 97.86% and 97.54% efficiency in terms of oil rejection for a pressure application of 60% stroke and 80% stroke respectively while the permeation fluxes are 2.433 ml/cm 2 -min and 1.944 ml/cm 2 -min for 80% stroke and 60% stroke pressure applications respectively. The results reveal that increase in pressure has less effect in the membrane efficiency. The application of aluminum oxide coating increased the efficiency of the membrane and reduced its fouling characteristics.

The emergence of gas projects have increased the demand for natural gas. Producers of natural gas are faced with the challenge of gas distribution to users. At this point, in order to maintain demand and supply, a model is required to determine optimum distribution of gas. In this paper, models are developed for optimum gas distribution and utilisation in Nigeria. The models seek to evaluate the monetary returns accruable from the utilisation of gas resources produced in Nigeria for domestic uses. Many outlets were suggested for domestic utilisation of gas produced in Nigeria. These gas utilisation and monetization outlets were proved to have viability and competitive advantage when compared with the sales of the gas abroad. The domestic gas supply revenue formula was formulated by considering the quantity of gas each gas producer will produce, the demand of the gas locally, the price stipulated for the gas in order to ensure profitability when sold locally, the penalty price for companies willing to flare and not supply their gas, the gas deficiency price etc. The revenue formula helps the government and gas producers to determine the extent of financial returns accruable from the sale of gas for domestic utilisation. The Model is sufficient to help the government make necessary decisions and plans as regarding domestic gas aggregation in Nigeria.

There is need for efficient separation of crude oil from its emulsion in oil and gas processes especially during production and refining activities. Among other methods used for crude oil emulsion demulsification, polymer membranes have attracted a lot of attention. The increasing interest in polymer membranes usage for ultrafiltration and micro filtration are mainly due to their versatility, efficiency and reduced operating cost when compared with conventional techniques such as use of chemical, flocculation etc. This paper illustrates experimental process for the separation of crude oil emulsion using Polysulfone membrane material coated with Aluminium oxide nanoparticle. The crude oil emulsion was prepared by mixing with distil water to obtain an oil in water emulsion. Because of the oleophilicity of Polysulfone membrane materials in oil/water separation, aluminum nanoparticles were used as metallic coatings to their Polysulfone membrane to improve efficiency and anti-fouling characteristics. Three parametres were investigated in the results, these include the separation efficiency in terms of oil rejection, the permeation flux, the filtrate volume for pressure application of 80% stroke and 60% stroke. The augmented membrane construction yields 98.5% and 97.6% efficiency in terms of oil rejection for a pressure application of 60% stroke and 80% stroke respectively while the permeation fluxes are 0.911 ml/cm 2 -min and 1.024 ml/cm 2min for 80% stroke and 60% stroke pressure application respectively.