Background: Air pollution by fungal spores poses a potential threat to the health and wellbeing of people. Airborne Aspergillus species play an important role in causing allergenic and invasive infections in susceptible individuals. Objectives: We conducted this study to determine the prevalence and pathogenic potentials of airborne Aspergillus species in homes, offices and hospitals in Northern part of Anambra State. Methodology: A total of 420, 70 and 59 air samples were collected from homes, offices and hospitals respectively using A6 single stage air sampler. Nasal swabs of occupants of same indoor environments were examined. Results: The pathogenic potentials of some isolates in immunocompromised and immunocompetent Balb C mice were investigated using pharyngeal aspiration technique. Some of the fungal isolates were subjected to molecular studies to establish the similarity between air and nasal isolates. Twelve species of Aspergillus were recovered from homes and hospitals while 11 species were recovered from offices. Aspergillus niger was the predominant fungus (76.6%, 61.4%, 62.7%) followed by A. fumigatus (51.4%, 34.2%, 38.9%). Consequently A. niger was the dominant fungus in the nasal swabs of occupants of these environments (homes 66%, offices 19% and hospitals 14%). Immunosuppressed Balb C mice inoculated with spores of A. fumigatus died 51, 54 and 58 hours after inoculation while mice inoculated with A. niger developed lesions on the lungs. Conclusion: DNA sequence of airborne A. niger and A. niger from nasal swab of occupant of same environment showed genetic relationship. Considering the presence of fungi with pathogenic potentials, environmental monitoring is necessary to prevent possible infection.

Numerous studies done on some parts of Napoleona imperialis plant extracts but there is still paucity of information on the proximate composition and nutritive values of Napoleona imperialis stem bark. Objective: This is to evaluate the proximate composition, vitamins, micro and macro elements of Napoleona imperialis stem bark. Methods: Determination of proximate, composition, vitamins, micro and macro elements of Napoleona imperialis stem bark was done using standard methods. Results: This study showed that Carbohydrate had the highest concentration of 59.540% followed by the ash content which was 12.768%. Potassium was found in the highest concentration of 8.246mg/kg followed by Sodium which was 5.853mg/kg. Also, magnesium had 3.497mg/kg followed by selenium of 2.701mg/kg and Calcium of 1.373mg/kg respectively. The least concentration of the mineral contents were found in Iron which had 0.076mg/kg, followed by Aluminium and Copper which were 0.075 mg/kg and 0.072 mg/kg respectively. The stem bark showed the absence of concentration of Tin, Cobalt, Lead, Manganese, Chromium and Vanadium. Vitamin A had a concentration of 5.315mg/kg, Vitamin B1 showed a concentration of 10.920mg/kg, Vitamin B2 showed 0.315mg/kg, Vitamin B3 with 5.430mg/kg, Vitamin B6 with 4012.500mg/kg, Vitamin B12 with 0.355mg/kg, Vitamin C with 1.358mg/kg and Vitamin E with 4.213mg/kg. Conclusion: The present study showed the presence of antioxidant properties and vitamin B complex with other nutritive values. This data indicates that Napoleona imperialis stem bark constitute nutritive ingredients, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. This justifies the claimed use of the stem bark in the management of certain ailments.

Emerging viral disease is a public health concern, with potential hazard for human, animal and environmental health. Forty years ago, after the eradication of smallpox in Nigeria, emerging zoonotic Orthopoxviruses such as monkeypox viruses continue to infect human together with wild and domestic animals. Currently, the geographical distribution of monkeypox virus in a wide range of host’s worldwide raises major concerns regarding the possibility of outbreak from endemic regions to non-endemic regions. A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed and Google scholar databases using the search terms: monkeypox, endemc region, non-endemic region and risk factors. Here, we review the global host ranges and current epidemiological surveillance. It reveals the immigrants’ influx from viral dissemination regions to new geographical regions is the one of the risk factors that attributes to recent outbreak of monkeypox cases worldwide. In addition, the most of individuals below forty years in Nigeria come down with monkeypox cases because they lack protective immune coverage within the communities.