CgA levels were high in both groups immediately before surgery, and thus CgA values immediately before surgery may not be a reliable indicator of the need for intravenous sedation. Also, spectral analysis of HRV, especially ΔL/H and ΔCCV(HF), could be useful for assessing tension and anxiety.

Objective Shortwave diathermy causes increase in temperature from deep inside the body, results in upregulation of metabolism, and has analgesic effects. In this study, we explored the potential application of shortwave diathermy in the maxillofacial region by monitoring internal and external temperature changes, changes in blood flow, and resting saliva secretion under shortwave diathermy for subjects with and without dental metal restorations (MR) to confirm the safety and the limitation of shortwave diathermy for dental medicine. Materials and methods Twenty young healthy subjects were recruited (10 subjects with MR and 10 subjects without MR). Shortwave exposure was achieved with condenser-type probes placed on the bilateral mandibular angles, and the intraoral temperature was monitored. For functional analysis, unstimulated whole saliva before and after exposure was collected. The temperature and blood flow distributions of the exposed areas were then monitored by thermography and twodimensional (2D) laser Doppler flowmetry. Results Shortwave exposure for 20 minutes induced significant temperature increases in all groups (p ≤ 0.05). The subjects reported no discomfort. When subjects without MR held gold or titanium crowns in their mouths, the thermal effect by shortwave diathermy was reduced. Resting saliva upon exposure only increased significantly in metal-free subjects, and amylase concentration was also increased, but the level of the salivary stress biomarker chromogranin A was unchanged. Furthermore, thermography showed that shortwave diathermy significantly increased the surface temperature for cheek skin and the buccal mucosa; however, this increase failed to elevate surface blood flow. Conclusion Shortwave diathermy induces temperature increases in the maxillofacial region. MR did not cause excessive heating, on the contrary, reduce the thermal effect of shortwave radiation. The temperature rise maintains upregulation in salivary function, which could be utilized safely in dental medicine. How to cite this article Mukai C, Nakamoto T, Kondo Y, Masaki C, Ohta A, Hosokawa R. Clinical Evaluation of Dental Metal Hazards and Therapeutic Effects of Shortwave Diathermy in Dental Medicine. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(3): 88-95.

Purpose The effect of microgravity on gingival epithelial cells (GE1) is unknown; thus, we analyzed cell proliferation as well as the gene expression patterns in GE1 cells cultured under simulated microgravity. Materials and methods Gingival epithelial cells were seeded and cultured at 10-3 G in a three-dimensional clinostat to simulate microgravity (group CL) or in normal gravity (group C) for 10 days. Cell proliferation was analyzed by counting the numbers of cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the krt 5, krt 13 and involucrin genes. Additionally, total protein was immunoblotted with anti-krt 13 antibody. Statistical analysis (n = 9, three groups repeated three times) was performed (ANOVA, Tukey's test, p < 0.05). Results Cell proliferation was significantly upregulated under microgravity based on the average number of cells. Cell proliferation and differentiation marker expression was significantly increased after culture under simulated microgravity. Western blotting showed intense krt 13 staining under simulated microgravity. The simulated microgravity environment had an accelerating effect on GE1 proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion These findings suggest that GE1 cells would be affected by the microgravity environment during space flight. Moreover, these findings also suggest that we could promote regeneration of gingival cells using of a simulated microgravity environment. How to cite this article Tamura A, Masaki C, Seo Y, Mukai C, Mukaibo T, Kondo Y, Nakamoto T, Hosokawa R. Microgravity might affect Peri-implant Mucosal Epithelial Cells during Space Flight. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2015;5(1):10-16.