IntroductionTuberculosis is known as a notorious mimicker and distinguishing between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease is a huge diagnostic challenge. Case descriptionHere, we report a case of hollow organ perforation due to intestinal tuberculosis that was previously mistreated as Crohn’s disease. Staged operation with emergency resection of the diseased small bowel and temporary ileostomy was performed for the perforation, followed by 6-month standard treatment for miliary tuberculosis, which was diagnosed on the basis of the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the diseased bowel and positive culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum, ascites, and stool samples. Ileostomy takedown was performed, and the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract was restored 6 months after the first surgery. The patient recovered well thereafter.ConclusionTimely surgical intervention can help establish the finial diagnosis of tuberculosis, rescue the patient from abdominal emergency, and provide a chance for cure.

Objectives-The role of image analysis in 3-dimensional (3D) automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) images is increasingly important because of its widespread use as a screening tool in whole-breast examinations. However, reviewing a large number of images acquired from ABUS is time-consuming and sometimes error prone. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop an efficient computeraided detection (CADe) algorithm to assist the review process. Methods-The proposed CADe algorithm consisted of 4 major steps. First, initial tumor candidates were formed by extracting and merging hypoechoic square cells on 2-dimensional (2D) transverse images. Second, a feature-based classifier was then constructed using 2D features to filter out nontumor candidates. Third, the remaining 2D candidates were merged longitudinally into 3D masses. Finally, a 3D feature-based classifier was used to further filter out nontumor masses to obtain the final detected masses. The proposed method was validated with 176 passes of breast images acquired by an Acuson S2000 automated breast volume scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, PA), including 44 normal passes and 132 abnormal passes containing 162 proven lesions (79 benign and 83 malignant). Results-The proposed CADe system could achieve overall sensitivity of 100% and 90% with 6.71 and 5.14 false-positives (FPs) per pass, respectively. Our results also showed that the average number of FPs per normal pass (7.16) was more than the number of FPs per abnormal pass (6.56) at 100% sensitivity. Conclusions-The proposed CADe system has a great potential for becoming a good companion tool with ABUS imaging by ensuring high sensitivity with a relatively small number of FPs.

Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is a platelet‐enriched lysophospholipid (LPL) which regulates various cellular functions through binding and activating a specific family of G protein‐coupled S1P receptors. In general, S1P promotes cell proliferation among cancer cells. Interestingly, our previous studies suggested that S1P inhibited proliferation in PC‐3 cells independent of apoptosis. Moreover, autophagy, a sub‐cellular membranes trafficking process which leads to the degradation and recycling of cytoplasm under starvation stress, was also elevated upon S1P stimulus through S1P5 activation. In the present study, we intend to investigate the relationship between cell death and autophagy induced by S1P. By using a potent autophagy inhibitor, 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), we observed that inhibition of S1P‐induced autophagy by 3‐MA leads to a significant decrease of cell numbers as compared to S1P treatment. These results indicate that the autophagy activity induced by S1P treatment plays a protective role in PC‐3 cells.