Scholars have paid extensive attention to transformational leadership for decades. However, existing studies still lack ample discussions on the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions of its influence on employee job satisfaction. This study proposed a moderated mediation model based on social exchange theory. We collected survey data from 211 frontline employees to verify our hypotheses. The results showed that transformational leadership was positively associated with employee job satisfaction via the mediation role of the perceived employee relations climate. Furthermore, the relationship between transformational leadership and the employee relations climate, as well as the indirect relationship between the two, was demonstrated to be more significant for male employees. This study offered a new account of the mechanisms of transformational leadership and clarified a boundary condition for its effectiveness.

Hotels emit large amounts of CO2 when providing services. Carbon neutrality objectives and the growth of homestays have forced hotel managers to pay more attention to carbon reduction. First, this paper adopted the input–output method to calculate hotel CO2 emissions. It was found that the amount of CO2 emissions in the hotel industry decreased from the year of 2016 to 2018, and there are structural differences in the CO2 emissions of the hotel industry in China. Furthermore, this paper adopted the three-stage SBM-DEA model to evaluate hotel CO2 emission efficiency in 30 provinces in China. The results show that CO2 emission efficiency increased significantly when environmental factors were eliminated. A close observation of different regions shows that the eastern region has a higher CO2 emission efficiency than the western and middle regions. The emergence of homestays has led to increased input slacks in the labor and energy consumption of hotels, which has a negative effect on efficiency indirectly. Finally, implications and recommendations for the hotel industry are proposed.