Despite being pervasive, the control of programmed grooming is poorly understood. We addressed this gap by developing a high-throughput platform that allows long-term detection of grooming in Drosophila melanogaster. In our method, a k-nearest neighbors algorithm automatically classifies fly behavior and finds grooming events with over 90% accuracy in diverse genotypes. Our data show that flies spend ~13% of their waking time grooming, driven largely by two major internal programs. One of these programs regulates the timing of grooming and involves the core circadian clock components cycle, clock, and period. The second program regulates the duration of grooming and, while dependent on cycle and clock, appears to be independent of period. This emerging dual control model in which one program controls timing and another controls duration, resembles the two-process regulatory model of sleep. Together, our quantitative approach presents the opportunity for further dissection of mechanisms controlling long-term grooming in Drosophila.

No abstract

Despite being pervasive, the control of programmed grooming is poorly understood. We have addressed this gap in knowledge by developing a high-throughput platform that allows long-term detection of grooming in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Automatic classification of daily behavior shows flies spend 30% of their active time grooming. We show that a large proportion of this behavior is driven by two major internal programs. One of these programs is the circadian clock that modulates rhythms in daily grooming. The second program depends on cycle and clock and regulates the amount of time flies spend grooming. This emerging dual control model of programmed grooming in which one regulator controls the timing and another controls the duration, resembles the well-established two-process regulatory model of fly sleep. Together, our quantitative approach in Drosophila has revealed that grooming is an important internally driven behavior under the control of two regulatory programs.

In the scene of the fire, fire fighting and rescue troubled firefighters quickly the main impediment to rescue trapped personnel is high fever of smoke and fire, existing hand-held infrared imaging devices are usually used to monitor the combustion temperature, to search for hidden fire action such as content, cannot penetrate smoke fire, fire inside the high temperature environment will also be harmful to its imaging effect. This paper design a paragraph 1 to fire for fire fighting and rescue typical application background of passive millimeter wave imaging, analysis of fire under the condition of the realization of the millimeter wave imaging technology means and interference factors, verification of millimeter wave smoke fire environment through typical performance, break through the limitations of the existing fire imaging technology, make up for the inadequacy of infrared imaging devices, can effectively improve the efficiency of reconnaissance, shorten the rescue time and improve the security of firefighters and trapped personnel.