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Liquid ammonia is effective at improving the strength, shrink resistance, and hand of cotton fabric. In this study, we apply a liquid ammonia (NH3) treatment to three regenerated cellulosic fabrics—rayon taffeta, cupro taffeta, and polynosic broadcloth— and subsequently process these with hot water and dry heat. We investigate the effect of the processes on crystal form, crystallinity, moisture regain, water absorption, and dyeing properties. Also, the mechanical properties of the NH3-treated fabrics are measured in relation to fabric hand. The diffraction intensity profiles of the rayon taffeta are unchanged by the NH3 treatment and subsequent heat processing. The profile of cupro taffeta is not changed by the NH3 treatment, but it is transformed to cellulose IIIII by subsequent hot water and dry heat processes. On the other hand, although the profile of polynosic broadcloth is transformed to cellulose IIIII by the NH3 treatment, the profile is not changed by hot water and dry heat. Furthermore, fabric crystallinity decreases with the NH3 treatment and increases somewhat after the hot water and dry heat processes. Water absorption and equilibrium dye uptake decrease with the NH3 treatment. Excellent washing shrinkage resistance is obtained with the NH3 treatment. The shearing and bending parameters of the rayon and cupro fabrics decrease somewhat with the NH3 treatment, so this treatment of regenerated cellulosic fabrics is effective at improving hand as well as washing shrinkage.

The aramid fabrics Technora and Conex, dyed with CI Disperse Yellow 54, CI Disperse Red 60 and CI Disperse Blue 56, were treated with sputter etching and argon low-temperature plasma. The colour depth of Technora was considerably increased by sputter etching, whereas that of Conex was not. Changes in colour were investigated by the L*, C*, h colour system. The increase in colour depth due to sputter etching was greatly dependent on the decrease of metric lightness L* and the increase of metric chroma C*.

: Polyphenylene sulfide film was treated with low-temperature oxygen, nitrogen, and argon plas mas, argon sputter etching, and low-temperature helium/argon plasma under atmospheric pressure, and then the surface characteristics were investigated by means of critical surface tension and ESCA measurement.Critical surface tension and the OlS intensities in ESCA spectra were increased considerably after dis charge treatments. By helium/argon atmospheric low-temperature plasma treatment, the NlS and OlS intensi ties increased remarkably. From wave form separation of ClS and S2P spectra, it was found that oxygens in corporated in the polymer are present in the forms of -C-O-, -COO-, -S(=0)-, and -S(=0)2-. The oxygens incorporated by atmospheric low-temperature plasma treatment caused considerable increase of -S(=0)2 intensity.