The COVID-19 pandemic shock has harmed the US and East Asian stock markets. Focusing on measuring the inherent correlation, this paper employs a GARCH-Copula CoVaR approach to address the debate on the extreme risk spillovers from the US to China, Japan, Hong Kong, and South Korea stock returns. The results show a large spillover effect from the US to East Asian stock markets. Compared to the tranquil period, these spillovers become stronger in the COVID-19 period. The findings show that indirect spillovers on the Chinese stock market are heavier than direct spillovers, and impacts deluge only via Hong Kong. The study contrasts spillover’ features of the US COVID-19 shock and the Chinese 2015 crisis. These findings provide useful support for policymakers and risk managers involved in the East Asian stock markets.

The policy responses to capital flows in emerging markets are multiple. However, capital inflow controls, if applied sufficiently broadly, can buttress all other policies by limiting the volume of capital inflows and address balance sheet vulnerabilities. The study analyzes the effects of capital controls (CC) domestically and internationally. Applied to 24 emerging economies (EEs) from 2009 to 2016, a panel vector autoregression model using a quarter dataset provides further evidence on these effects. Domestically, the results show that following the 2008 financial crisis, strengthening CC may support policymakers' actions to improve their macroeconomic policies. Unpredictably, there is no relationship founded between CC and international reserves accumulation. However, a combination of controls and reserves are needed to manage well the volatile capital flows. Internationally, restrictions on capital flows may cause spillovers between countries introducing controls and neighboring countries. These multilateral effects raise the challenge of optimal policy coordination.

Capital controls are a commonly used instrument to manage capital flows.However, their effectiveness in reducing short-term capital flows is still unclear. The present study proposes a new approach to the evaluation of the effects of capital controls, by proposing a model in which these effects depends on the elasticity of short-term capital flows relative to total flows. When capital controls are in place, achieving an elastic demand reduces these short-term flows, while an inelastic demand may increase them. The proposition of the model is empirically verified by computing the elasticity approach for 33 countries. This approach suggests that policymakers take proactive actions against the fickleness of short-term capital flows.

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