The paper notes that after the establishment of the Virgin Lands area, specialists from all republics of the former Soviet Union came to the reclamation of virgin lands. Intestinal diseases, like other infectious diseases, were widespread among the local and arriving population. The authors have shown that large epidemic outbreaks of intestinal infections were possible in organized and unorganized collectives of residents of Tselinograd in case of violation of sanitary and hygienic regulations. Attempts, made by the city’s health authorities, did not always lead to an improvement in the quality of medical care. The authors emphasize that the shortage of specialists and healthcare institutions, violation of the treatment regimen, and other reasons influenced the deterioration of the epidemiological situation. The authors pay attention to the main directions and specific actions of the city administration to carry out epidemic control measures on the example of the sanitary service of Tselinograd during the difficult period of reclamation of virgin lands in Kazakhstan in the 1970s.