in which it resides. In addition to poor dental hygiene, many activities, such as smoking, sucking behavior, spitting, rinsing, eating an improper diet, undergoing radiotherapy, or taking particular medications, such as bisphosphonate, have serious impacts on the healing of an extraction wound. Leaving cotton balls, gauzes, or sponge plugs on the wounds to promote blood clotting is the standard method clinically for treating extraction sockets; However, these temporary dressings cannot provide continuous protection or treatment for wound repair. Due to the lacking of available barrier dressings that prevent oral irritants from entering the socket, delayed wound healing, and other severe postoperative complications, including secondary hemorrhage, dry socket, infection, trismus, and osteonecrosis, often occur. [2] Suturing can help close the socket and control bleeding, but suturing in the confined area inside the oral cavity requires excellent operational skills and a long surgical time. [3] Therefore, it is imperative to develop an intraoral wound healing-specific dressing to provide durable and robust isolation from the wet, dynamic environment of the oral cavity.Due to its softness and high-water content, hydrogel is a popular material for wound dressings. In dentistry, hydrogels, such as chitosan-poly(γ-glutamic acid), [4] collagen, [5] poly(lactic-coglycolic acid), [6] and polyethyleneimine-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) [7] Due to the wet and dynamic environment of the oral cavity, the healing of intraoral wounds, such as tooth extraction wounds, requires stable and firm wound dressings. In clinical practice, cotton balls and gauzes, sponge plugs, or sutures are used to treat extraction wounds, but none of these means can continuously isolate the wound from the intraoral environment and facilitate ideal healing conditions. Herein, inspired by the natural extracellular matrix, a family of wound dressings is developed for intraoral wound repair. Infiltrating a ductile long-chain hydrogel network into a prefabricated, sturdy macromolecular meshwork and in situ crosslinking endowed the composite hydrogel with controllable swelling behaviors and robust mechanical properties. The macromolecular meshwork functioned as the backbone to support the composite and restricts the swelling of the long-chain hydrogel network. In vitro tests verified that this wound dressing can provide durable protection for intraoral wounds against complex irritations. Furthermore, accelerated wound healing occurred when the wound dressing is applied in vivo on a canine tooth extraction model, due to the effective reduction of acute inflammation. These results suggest that this family of bioinspired hydrogels has great potential for application as intraoral wound dressing.

In the present study, the interaction of proteins in the microenvironment of gastric mucosal atypical hyperplasia was analyzed. The stromata of normal gastric mucosa (NGM) and gastric mucosal atypical hyperplasia (GMAH) tissues were purified with laser capture microdissection (LCM). The differentially expressed GMAH proteins of the NGM and GMAH tissues were identified by quantitative proteomic techniques with isotope labeling. The cross-talk between differentially expressed proteins in NGM and GMAH tissues was then analyzed by bioinformatics. There were 165 differentially expressed proteins identified from the stromata of NGM and GMAH tissues. Among them, 99 proteins were upregulated and 66 were downregulated in GMAH tissue. The present study demonstrated that these proteins in gastric mucosal atypical hyperplasia were involved in cancer-associated signaling pathways, including the p53, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cell cycle and apoptosis signaling pathways, and were involved in cellular growth, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and the humoral immune response. The results of the present study suggest that the 165 differentially expressed proteins, including S100 calcium-binding protein A6 (S100A6) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) in the microenvironment of gastric mucosal atypical hyperplasia, are involved in the p53, MAPK, cell cycle and apoptosis signaling pathways, and serve a function in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.