Educating for intellectual virtue is a form of character education that aims for students to develop intellectual virtues, such as intellectual courage, humility, tenacity, honesty, curiosity, attentiveness, and open-mindedness. Recently, Kotzee et al. (2021) argued that ‘the intellectual virtues approach does not have available a suitably effective pedagogy to qualify the acquisition of intellectual virtue as the primary aim of education’ (p. 1). In this article, partly as a response to Kotzee et al.'s (2021) challenge and partly to better understand and shape the intellectual virtues classroom, I explore at a pedagogical and epistemological level two theories I believe to be evident in the intellectual virtues classroom: virtue responsibilism and social constructivism. Through bringing these theories into conversation, I argue that a deeper understanding of the intellectual virtues classroom is elicited which is able to overcome Kotzee et al.'s (2021) pedagogical challenge for the intellectual virtues approach.

BackgroundAs life expectancy increases, so do the number of elderly people living with advanced life-limiting chronic illness, including prolonging life through artificial or mechanical means. The aim of Advance Care Plans is to ensure that individual's treatment wishes and preferences are known and respected.AimWhilst research continues in regard to the development of electronic Advance Care Plans in the palliative care setting and residential aged care setting, there is a need to understand the relevance and practicality of developing Advance Care Plans for use by elderly people living with life-limiting chronic illnesses in the community.MethodsSystematic review—models of Advance Care Planning for elderly people living in the communityMeta- analysis and meta-synthesisInterviews—sample of ACP programme stakeholders and community dwelling elderly (early 2013)ResultsSeventy-one papers resulted from the search strategy with 17 papers selected for review. A meta-analysis and meta-synthesis has informed our proposed model for electronic Advance Care planning in the community—the Dignity of Life Model (a person-centred and dignity of life focussed approach). Interview data will inform the relevance and practicality of this proposed model.DiscussionThis research will assist to understand the relevance and practicality of developing an electronic Advance Care Plan (eAPC) for use by elderly people living with life-limiting chronic illnesses in the community.ConclusionProvide guidance on a model for electronic Advance Care Plan (eAPC) for use by elderly people living with life-limiting chronic illnesses in the community.

Introduction: This study examines the main characteristics of dental informatics research using bibliometric analysis of articles in the online journal database PubMed, to identify the main trends of research in dental informatics. The study aims to identify trends, geographic distribution of papers and authors, rates of collaboration, and performances of journals and institutions.  Methods: Information on dental informatics was extracted solely from the PubMed online journal database from January 1989 to September 2019. A three-phase search approach was employed. Bibliometrics was used to examine the growth and progress of dental informatics over time. Results: A total of n=236 papers on dental informatics were identified, with an average of 7.9 papers per year. The trend of papers published increased over time with 41 countries represented in this study. There were only 15 countries which had 10 or more representatives, seven of which came from Europe. North America produced the most research in dental informatics, with 149 paper affiliations and ten were cross regional, in 61% of the total papers. Discussion: The topic of dental informatics began in the mid to late 1980s, with the most productive years in the last decade, reaching a high point in the mid 2010s. There was a low level of international collaboration, and few conducted across different continents. Conclusion: There is steady increase in the pace of research in dental informatics, with growing interest in exploring various implementation methods. Collaboration has become a product of a globalised world, with the potential to share data and exchange ideas using cutting-edge technologies. As these trends continue, the field of dental informatics may see further growth and development, with more technology available to provide communication and share data points and methods becoming widespread.