Objective: The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 is 2.16% as announced by the World Health Organization. In Indonesia, according to the Ministry of Health, the number is even higher, reaching a 2.8% case fatality rate. D-dimer levels were found to affect coronavirus disease 2019 patient’s survival in several studies. The study aimed to determine whether the amount of D-dimer predicted survival in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Materials and Methods: This research was performed in a retrospective cohort design and used survival analysis. From March 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020, the samples were collected from polymerase chain reaction-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients at Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. We used electronic medical records to obtain demographic (age and gender), coexisting condition, laboratory (coagulation and hematologic test), and outcome (non-survivors or survivors) data. The chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests were used to evaluate the results. The Kaplan–Meier method and the Mantel–Haenszel log-rank test were used to examine D-dimer levels and patient outcomes. Youden index was calculated to determine the optimal cut-off value of D-dimer. Results: There were 52 non-survivors and 235 survivors among the 287 patients who met the inclusion criterion. Non-survivors had D-dimer levels of more than 1.49 mg/L in 82.69% of cases. Males had lower cut-off compared to females (>1.49 mg/L vs. >2.2 mg/L). The researchers discovered a highly significant correlation between D-dimer levels and coronavirus disease 2019 mortality ( P = .001). The c-index analysis showed that D-dimer (0.79, 95% CI: 0.73-0.83) ability for mortality prediction was the second-best compared with other laboratory markers. Conclusion: D-dimer can be used as a predictor of coronavirus disease 2019 in-hospital mortality for early identification of coagulopathy.

Depression is a feeling of loss of interest or pleasure, sadness, feelings of guilt or inferiority, disturbances in sleep or appetite, feelings of tiredness, and poor concentration and the desire to end life. In Indonesia, according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2018, the prevalence of depressive disorders in Indonesia is 6.1%. Based on the 2013 Riskesdas report, the prevalence of suicide in Indonesia is mostly carried out by women, which is around 0.8% compared to men, which has a prevalence of 0.6%. Until now, the first line of depression therapy is the Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitor (SSRI) group. Although this drug is effective in improving symptoms of depression, this drug can cause several side effects such as insomnia or drowsiness, weight gain, and sexual dysfunction. Therefore, we need an alternative medicine that can replace conventional medicine which has less side effects. Cinnamon is one of the many plants found in Indonesia which is believed to have the potential to overcome various diseases. Based on previous research, there are many active components contained in cinnamon that have anti-depressant effects. Active components such as Phenol, Cinnamaldehyde, Turmerone, Proanthocyanidin and Linalool as well as Eugenol can provide anti-depressant effects through anti-inflammatory prevention.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed cases and deaths continue to rise. When a virus infects the body, the immune system tries to eliminate the virus. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a substance produced in the body in response to infection and inflammation. The study aimed to determine the role of CRP in predicting COVID-19 patients’ mortality. From the 1st of March to the 31st of August 2020, data on patients confirmed with COVID-19 were collected from medical records. The correlation between CRP levels and patient mortality was determined using a Chi-Square test. A Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the best CRP cut-off point, and a survival analysis was used to assess the patient outcome. This study included a total of 210 eligible patients. Survivors and non-survivors were divided into two groups of patients (159 patients and 51 patients, respectively). The CRP cut-off was 54 mg/L, with an AUC of 0.817 (p<0.001). C-reactive protein levels were related to COVID-19 patient mortality (p=0.000). According to the survival analysis, patients with CRP levels > 54 mg/L had a lower chance of 30-day survival (p=0.0001). This study presented that CRP levels can be used to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Background: Several laboratory parameters have been linked to Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), with lymphocytes being one of the most important. Lymphopenia is frequently linked to a worsening of clinical symptoms and an increased risk of death in COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the role of lymphocyte levels in predicting COVID-19 patient mortality. Methods: This is a prognostic study that is conducted from March 1 to August 31, 2020. Data from medical records and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients were used in the study. Patient distribution and complete blood count were among the information gathered. ROC curve analysis, bivariate analysis (Chi-Square and Mann Whitney), in addition to survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier) were used to analyze the data. Results: In a total of 318 patients, 59 were non-survivors and 259 were survivors. Besides, a cut-off value of ?1460 cells/µL (P<0.05) was used for lymphocyte levels. Lymphopenia also has a 4.35-fold increase in the risk of mortality. Furthermore, the survival analysis revealed differences in the probability of survival within 30 days between COVID-19 patients with lymphopenia and those without (HR: 5.5722 (3.2509–9.5510), 95% CI; p<0.0001). A lymphocyte count of ?1460 cell/µL can increase the risk of death by fourfold.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated a significant difference in outcome between lymphopenia and non-lymphopenia patients. Lymphopenia plays an important role in estimating COVID-19 patient mortality.Keywords: COVID-19; lymphopenia; mortality; prognosis; survival analysis