The results show that women and their husbands experienced marked changes in perceived health-related functioning and depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy. In addition, the study found that those women who had undergone Cesarean section had higher mental well-being scores. Future research should determine the benefits of extending pre-conception and pre-natal guidelines on the benefits of regular physical activity throughout and after pregnancy in Persian couples.

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Postnatal depression encompasses childbirth mood disorders from the blues to serious psychiatric illness (DoH 1998b). Chris Bewley explains the variety of biological, psychological, cultural and sociological factors involved and how health professionals can be involved in preventing such disorders from becoming long-term depressive illness.