Paul Newton and colleagues argue that public health, and not intellectual property or trade issues, should be the prime consideration in defining and combating counterfeit medicines, and that the World Health Organization (WHO) should take a more prominent role.

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Objective: Sore throat is a common presentation to the children's emergency department (ED), and many patients are likely prescribed antibiotics unnecessarily. We aimed to reduce antibiotic prescribing for sore throat in our UK ED through use of an established scoring system combined with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) to detect group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis.Methods: AB single-subject and diagnostic accuracy studies were used to measure both antibiotic prescribing rates over time and the performance of the McIsaac clinical score combined with RDT to screen for and treat GAS pharyngitis. All children between the age of 6 months and 16 years with symptoms of sore throat were eligible for inclusion. The study adhered to SQUIRE guidelines.Results: During 2014 and 2016, antibiotic prescribing rates for 210 children at baseline (median age, 3 years) and 395 children during the intervention (median age, 2 years) were assessed. The baseline prescribing rate was 79%, whereas rates after intervention were 24% and 27%, respectively. The RDT had an acceptable false-negative rate of 7.9%, poor sensitivity of 64.3%, and a negative predictive value of 92.1% when compared with conventional throat culture. A McIsaac score of 3 or more had good sensitivity (92.11%) but very low specificity (12.62%) for predicting GAS infection. Conclusions:Despite poor RDT sensitivity and the McIsaac score's poor specificity in children, their use in combination decreased antibiotic prescribing rates in a children's ED setting.

A low-cost card together with a short period of training offers a useful strategy to improve the rate of documentation of vital signs in children presenting to the ED.

COVID-19 presented unique challenges in preparing our stand-alone children’s emergency department for the pandemic and has demonstrated well the paediatric adage, ‘children aren’t little adults’.